{"id":46053,"date":"2026-02-02T01:21:19","date_gmt":"2026-02-02T00:21:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/blog\/birds-of-donana-a-guide-to-the-largest-ornithological-reserve-in-spain\/"},"modified":"2026-03-11T12:54:10","modified_gmt":"2026-03-11T11:54:10","slug":"birds-of-donana-a-guide-to-the-largest-ornithological-reserve-in-spain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/en\/blog\/birds-of-donana-a-guide-to-the-largest-ornithological-reserve-in-spain\/","title":{"rendered":"Birds of Do\u00f1ana: a guide to the largest ornithological reserve in Spain"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle is-style-text-subtitle--1 wp-block-paragraph\">Bird paradise Can you imagine a place where more than 300 species of birds coexist in a single year, where the sky is painted pink with thousands of Greater Flamingoes and the marshes buzz with the flapping of imperial eagles, cranes and Crane? <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-accent-2-color has-custom-gris-f-6-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"#aves-acu&#xE1;ticas-do&#xF1;ana\"><strong>Waterfowl in Do\u00f1ana<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-accent-2-color has-custom-gris-f-6-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"#acu&#xE1;ticas-amenazadas-Andaluc&#xED;a\"><strong>Threatened waterfowl<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-accent-2-color has-custom-gris-f-6-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"#aves-acu&#xE1;ticas-invernantes\"><strong>Overwintering aquatic<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-accent-2-color has-custom-gris-f-6-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"#pajareras-Do&#xF1;ana\"><strong>Aviaries<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-accent-2-color has-custom-gris-f-6-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"#&#xC1;guila-imperial-Do&#xF1;ana\"><strong>Ag. Imperial <\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-accent-2-color has-custom-gris-f-6-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"#esteparias-en-Do&#xF1;ana\"><strong>Steppes in Do\u00f1ana<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-accent-2-color has-custom-gris-f-6-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"#cinco-zonas\"><strong>Five zones<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-accent-2-color has-custom-gris-f-6-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"#FAQ-Avifauna-Do&#xF1;ana\"><strong>FAQ<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-macho_durmiendo-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Waterfowl of Do\u00f1ana: the Red-crested Pochard (Netta rufina).  \" class=\"wp-image-45948 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-macho_durmiendo-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Waterfowl of Do\u00f1ana: the Red-crested Pochard (Netta rufina).  \" class=\"wp-image-45948\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-macho_durmiendo-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-macho_durmiendo-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-macho_durmiendo.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-large-font-size is-style-text-subtitle--2 wp-block-paragraph\">Do\u00f1ana represents for the ornithologist one of the most important living sanctuaries in Europe, where continental migrations converge and where the greatest diversity of birds in Spain is concentrated in a unique mosaic of ecosystems.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-border-color has-accent-5-border-color has-accent-5-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5dbe2466 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-2\"><strong>Tours and information about Do\u00f1ana<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-4 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/en\/tour\/donana-the-avifauna-of-the-mediterranean-marshes\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Donana-tour-800x580.jpg\" data-id=\"28594\" alt=\"Birding in Do\u00f1ana\" class=\"wp-image-28594 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"580\" data-id=\"28594\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Donana-tour-800x580.jpg\" alt=\"Birding in Do\u00f1ana\" class=\"wp-image-28594\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Donana-tour-800x580.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Donana-tour-380x275.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Donana-tour.jpg 1096w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Donana-800x600.jpg\" data-id=\"26701\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26701 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" data-id=\"26701\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Donana-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26701\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Donana-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Donana-380x285.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Donana.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aves-acu&#xE1;ticas-do&#xF1;ana\">Waterfowl status in Do\u00f1ana<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-large-font-size is-style-text-subtitle--4 wp-block-paragraph\">The Guadalquivir estuary, together with the marshes and lagoons of the Aeolian mantle, form one of the largest wetland extensions in Europe, a magnet for tens of thousands of waterfowl.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-hembra-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45729 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-hembra-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45729\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-hembra-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-hembra-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-hembra.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"is-style-default wp-block-paragraph\">Population monitoring data (2008-2024) reveal a community in transition, where <strong>conservation successes coexist with alarming declines<\/strong>, and where prolonged drought (2020-2024) has acted as an additional stress that has exacerbated previous trends.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-contrast-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3\"><strong>Wintering avifauna in Do\u00f1ana<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"is-style-default has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-4 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The winter waterfowl community in Western Andalusia is a spectacle of massive abundance, dominated by migratory birds from Northern Europe.  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Abundancia-de-los-grupos-de-aves-invernantes-800x694.jpg\" alt=\"Abundance of wintering waterbirds in Western Andalusia by bird group. N individuals. \" class=\"wp-image-45756 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Abundancia-de-los-grupos-de-aves-invernantes-800x694.jpg\" alt=\"Abundance of wintering waterbirds in Western Andalusia by bird group. N individuals. \" class=\"wp-image-45756\"><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Abundance of wintering waterbirds in Western Andalusia by bird group. N individuals. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Geese and ducks (&gt;250,000 individuals) cover the marshes, accompanied by huge flocks of waders (&gt;140,000) that sweep the silts, <strong>while thousands of Greater Flamingoes, Spoonbills, Greater Flamingoes, Cranes and Herons (&gt;80,000) define the landscape.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-macho-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45738 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-macho-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45738\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-macho-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-macho-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-macho.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The cormorants, very active, gather in their roosts near the heron roosts. This concentration, which includes more than 100,000 gulls, turns the wetland into a gigantic winter feeding and shelter, showing its crucial role as the winter quarters of the western Mediterranean. <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-contrast-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5\"><strong>Breeding birds in Andalusia<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"is-style-default has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-6 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The waterfowl breeding community in Do\u00f1ana and its surroundings is a phenomenon of concentrated intensity with showy courtships and extreme specialization.  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Abundancia-de-los-grupos-de-aves-reproductores-800x697.jpg\" alt=\"Abundance of breeding waterbirds in Andalusia by bird group. N individuals. \" class=\"wp-image-45759 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"697\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Abundancia-de-los-grupos-de-aves-reproductores-800x697.jpg\" alt=\"Abundance of breeding waterbirds in Andalusia by bird group. N individuals. \" class=\"wp-image-45759\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Abundancia-de-los-grupos-de-aves-reproductores-800x697.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Abundancia-de-los-grupos-de-aves-reproductores-380x331.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Abundancia-de-los-grupos-de-aves-reproductores.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Abundance of breeding waterbirds in Andalusia by bird group. N individuals. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Abundances and success depend on the availability of water in the wetlands and the timing of desiccation of these mostly temporary ponds. <strong>Resident great waders and colonial herons nest in remote colonies and bustling aviaries<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-hembra-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45937 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-hembra-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45937\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-hembra-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-hembra-1-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-hembra-1.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In stark contrast to the winter, ducks and Common Coots are reduced to a few thousand: they are resident and generally endangered species, accompanied by grebes. The populations of waders, gulls and raptors decrease drastically but are still remarkable. In favorable years, the sector hosts large colonies of rare birds such as pagazas, fumarelles and Collared Pratincole.  <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Wealth as a function of presence status<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"is-style-default has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-7 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The aquatic avifauna of Do\u00f1ana is composed of approximately 90 species, whose phenological composition reveals the complexity of this wetland.  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:0\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Estatus-de-la-avifauna-acuatica-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Species richness according to occurrence status. N species. \" class=\"wp-image-45883 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Estatus-de-la-avifauna-acuatica-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Species richness according to occurrence status. N species. \" class=\"wp-image-45883\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Estatus-de-la-avifauna-acuatica-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Estatus-de-la-avifauna-acuatica-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Estatus-de-la-avifauna-acuatica.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Species richness according to occurrence status. N species. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nearly half are <strong>resident species<\/strong>, whose breeding populations are significantly strengthened by the massive arrival of wintering individuals.  <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-details-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45966 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-details-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45966\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-details-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-details-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-details.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One third corresponds to typical <strong>wintering birds<\/strong>, although some, such as certain ducks, can establish sporadic and reduced breeding nuclei in years of exceptionally favorable hydrological conditions. The rest are <strong>summer and migratory species<\/strong>, whose occasional presence completes the annual cycle of the avifauna in this ecosystem. <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Aerial surveys in Do\u00f1ana<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Since 1974, the Do\u00f1ana Biological Station has organized aerial censuses from a light aircraft that methodically flies over the Do\u00f1ana marshes, generating one of the longest time series of waterbirds in the Mediterranean.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Zonas-de-censos-aereros.jpg\" alt=\"Aerial census areas in Do\u00f1ana.\" class=\"wp-image-45906 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"603\" height=\"402\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Zonas-de-censos-aereros.jpg\" alt=\"Aerial census areas in Do\u00f1ana.\" class=\"wp-image-45906\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Zonas-de-censos-aereros.jpg 603w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Zonas-de-censos-aereros-380x253.jpg 380w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 603px) 100vw, 603px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Aerial census areas in Do\u00f1ana.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Its essential value is to <strong>disaggregate natural fluctuations from long-term trends<\/strong>, making it possible to differentiate a single bad year from a structural decline, which is key for wetland diagnosis and management.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\" style=\"margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Anas-platyrhinchos-800x446.jpg\" alt=\"Evolution of the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) population in Do\u00f1ana since 1974 in aerial surveys in Do\u00f1ana.\" class=\"wp-image-45909 lazyload\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.7937028342510655;width:610px;height:auto\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"446\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Anas-platyrhinchos-800x446.jpg\" alt=\"Evolution of the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) population in Do\u00f1ana since 1974 in aerial surveys in Do\u00f1ana.\" class=\"wp-image-45909\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.7937028342510655;width:610px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Anas-platyrhinchos-800x446.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Anas-platyrhinchos-380x212.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Anas-platyrhinchos.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Evolution of the Mallard<em>(Anas platyrhynchos<\/em>) population in Do\u00f1ana since 1974 in aerial surveys in Do\u00f1ana.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These censuses can be consulted on the <a href=\"https:\/\/censos-aereos.icts-donana.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Do\u00f1ana ICTS<\/a> website, with the possibility of creating personalized graphs.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/pareja-de-pato-colorado-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45915 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/pareja-de-pato-colorado-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45915\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/pareja-de-pato-colorado-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/pareja-de-pato-colorado-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/pareja-de-pato-colorado.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Evolution of the duck community in the Guadalquivir marshes.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fascinating article describes the trajectory of waterfowl populations in the Guadaluqivir marshes (2024) <em><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/gcb.17600\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Habitat Changes at the Local Scale Have Major Impacts on Waterfowl Populations Across a Migratory Flyway<\/a><\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\" style=\"margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elmundo.es\/ciencia-y-salud\/ciencia\/2025\/01\/31\/679c94f3e85ecede228b4587.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Evolucion-de-los-patos-en-Donana-800x534.webp\" alt=\"Evolution of the duck community in the Guadalquivir marshes over four decades.\" class=\"wp-image-45903 lazyload\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.4981042196901353;width:612px;height:auto\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Evolucion-de-los-patos-en-Donana-800x534.webp\" alt=\"Evolution of the duck community in the Guadalquivir marshes over four decades.\" class=\"wp-image-45903\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.4981042196901353;width:612px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Evolucion-de-los-patos-en-Donana-800x534.webp 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Evolucion-de-los-patos-en-Donana-380x254.webp 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Evolucion-de-los-patos-en-Donana.webp 920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Evolution of the duck community in the Guadalquivir marshes over four decades (De Felipe et al. 2024).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Species have been classified according to their food type and migration type to try to understand if they explain the evolution of their populations. <strong>The wintering community has changed from being dominated by herbivorous and short-migrating species to currently being dominated by granivorous and long-migrating species<\/strong>. In short, the Mallard has been replaced by the Northern Shoveler. <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion has-custom-gris-f-6-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-5&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-accent-5-background-color has-background\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-5-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-5\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Method: Sources and Status<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-5\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-5-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-10\"><strong>Ornithological sources of Do\u00f1ana<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Junta de Andaluc\u00eda<\/strong>. International Water Bird Census (IWC), February census of wintering birds: C\u00e1diz-Sevilla-Huelva.   <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Junta de Andaluc\u00eda<\/strong>. Breeding bird data: Andalusia. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>ICTS-Do\u00f1ana (EBD-CSIC).<\/strong>  Monthly waterfowl censuses since 1974.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Do\u00f1ana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC).<\/strong> <em>Do\u00f1ana Ornithological Yearbook. N\u00ba 0, December 2000. Do\u00f1ana&#8217;s Birds Prontuary.  <\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-11\"><strong>Status of avifauna presence<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Residents:<\/strong> Species present all year round, breeding and wintering in Do\u00f1ana. <strong>Resident <\/strong>birds <strong>*** <\/strong>with winter reinforcement increase their numbers by several orders of magnitude in winter. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Summer birds:<\/strong> Birds that arrive in spring-summer to breed, spending the winter in Africa. <strong>Summer birds *<\/strong> have small wintering populations that often go unnoticed. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Wintering:<\/strong> Species that arrive in autumn from northern Europe to spend the winter, leaving in spring. <strong><strong>Wintering<\/strong><\/strong> birds also breed locally with very low and anecdotal numbers. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Passage migrants:<\/strong> They use Do\u00f1ana exclusively as a resting and feeding area during their migratory journeys (pre-breeding in spring, post-breeding in autumn). <strong>Migratory \u00aa migrants<\/strong> may breed locally with minimal numbers or even exceptionally <strong>(\u00aa)<\/strong>. <strong>Migratory * migrants<\/strong> maintain only very small groups throughout the winter.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Erratic or Wandering:<\/strong> Birds that appear occasionally, outside their usual range, often due to storms or disorientation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The impacts of prolonged drought (2020-2024) and agricultural intensification, which is still underway, may be <strong>offset by the historically very wet winters and springs of 2025 and 2026<\/strong>. Finally, the catastrophic cycle has been broken and restored much of its past glory to the Do\u00f1ana wetland and surrounding areas. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-female-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45962 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-female-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45962\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-female-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-female-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-female.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-x-large-font-size\"><strong>Evolution by waterfowl group<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-base-color has-accent-1-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/blog\/aves-acuaticas-y-de-los-humedales\/\">\ud83d\udd17 <strong>Gu\u00eda visual G3-guides: Aves acu\u00e1ticas Andaluc\u00eda<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: true, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion has-custom-gris-f-6-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-7&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-large-font-size\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-7-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-7\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">LARGE WADERS<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-7\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-7-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-12 is-style-text-subtitle--6 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Most recognizable icons of Do\u00f1ana<\/strong>, whose ecology is intimately linked to the availability of extensive shallow water areas. Their <strong>large historical population sizes<\/strong> are a direct testimony to the importance of these feeding areas.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Phoenicopterus-ruber-grupo-800x533.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Greater Flamingo in Do\u00f1ana, an example of Grande Zancuda\" class=\"wp-image-45741 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Phoenicopterus-ruber-grupo-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Greater Flamingo in Do\u00f1ana, an example of Grande Zancuda\" class=\"wp-image-45741\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Phoenicopterus-ruber-grupo-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Phoenicopterus-ruber-grupo-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Phoenicopterus-ruber-grupo.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, the <strong>drastic reproductive decline<\/strong> observed during the extended drought period (2020-2024), with reductions exceeding 70% in species such as Greater Flamingo and Glossy Ibis, strongly evidences their <strong>extreme vulnerability to the lack of flooding and the consequent reduction of available habitat<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">SPECIES<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">STATUS<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">White Stork<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Black Stork<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">In Step *<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Common Spoonbill<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Glossy Ibis<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Greater Flamingo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Lesser Flamingo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Common Crane<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Wintering (\u00aa)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most species in this group are <strong>resident and present year-round in large numbers<\/strong>, although with notable seasonal variations. <strong>Greater Flamingo<\/strong><em>(Phoenicopterus roseus<\/em>) and <strong>White Stork<\/strong><em>(Ciconia ciconia<\/em>) show complex migration patterns, with dispersive movements and a mix of sedentary and migratory populations. In contrast, local populations of <strong>Glossy Ibis<\/strong><em>(Plegadis falcinellus<\/em>) and <strong>Spoonbill<\/strong><em>(Platalea leucorodia<\/em>) are more sedentary, although their numbers are also higher during wintering. For its part, the <strong>common Crane<\/strong><em>(Crane grus<\/em>) only appears during the winter, moving in large and noisy flocks only during the cold months, with a maximum census that can exceed 7,000 birds.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the breeding context, <strong>colonies of large waders dominate the total numbers of nesting birds<\/strong> in Do\u00f1ana and the rest of Andalusia, especially the huge <strong>Greater Flamingo colony in the Laguna de Fuente de Piedra<\/strong> (M\u00e1laga), which historically has been home to up to 35,000 breeding pairs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-9&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-9-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-9\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">HERONS<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-9\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-9-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-13 is-style-text-subtitle--8 wp-block-paragraph\">The ardeid community shows a <strong>pyramidal structure<\/strong>, with a broad base of generalist (but declining) species and a very narrow apex of critical specialists.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Ardea-purpurea-800x533.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43506 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Ardea-purpurea-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43506\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Ardea-purpurea-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Ardea-purpurea-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Ardea-purpurea.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Their success depends on the <strong>availability of prey (fish, amphibians, invertebrates) in accessible waters.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>SPECIES<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">STATUS<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Cattle Egret<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Grey Heron<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Little Egret<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Common Night Heron<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Estival * Estival * Estival * Estival * Estival * Estival * Estival<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Squacco Heron<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Estival * Estival * Estival * Estival * Estival * Estival * Estival<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Purple Heron<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Summer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bitterns<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Summer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Little Bittern<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Summer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Great White Egret<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ardeid populations in Do\u00f1ana revolve around the <strong>large breeding colonies or &#8220;aviaries&#8221;<\/strong>, which historically concentrate most of their biomass and the other large waders. The <strong>Cattle Egret (<em>Bubulcus ibis<\/em>)<\/strong>, a generalist species feeding in grasslands, has been the numerical core of these colonies, with censuses exceeding <strong>10,000 pairs<\/strong>. However, its breeding population has been reduced by more than 50% during the drought, with a recent average of only <strong>4,360 pairs<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The group of the <strong>strict piscivorous herons<\/strong> shows an even more severe decline, evidencing the crisis of the aquatic habitats. The <strong>Little Egret (Egretta garzetta)<\/strong> has gone from about 4,000 to <strong>773<\/strong> breeding <strong>pairs<\/strong>, and the <strong>Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea)<\/strong> from 1,500 to <strong>598<\/strong>. The situation is critical for specialists such as the <strong>Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea)<\/strong>, which has suffered a 94% collapse, from 4,000 (maximum census under optimal conditions) to just <strong>232 pairs<\/strong>, and the <strong>Squacco Heron (Ardeola ralloides)<\/strong>, which has fallen from 300 to <strong>87 pairs<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the extreme end of the specialization is the <strong>common Bittern (Botaurus stellaris)<\/strong>, an emblematic species whose breeding population is minimal and erratic, depending entirely on years with exceptional water conditions in the marsh.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-11&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-11-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-11\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">RAILS<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-11\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-11-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-14 is-style-text-subtitle--10 wp-block-paragraph\">This group, composed mostly of <strong>resident species<\/strong> of discrete habits, is made up of birds adapted to life in reeds, bulrushes and dense aquatic vegetation.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Porphyrio-porphyrio-800x534.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-39020 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Porphyrio-porphyrio-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-39020\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Porphyrio-porphyrio-800x534.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Porphyrio-porphyrio-380x254.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Porphyrio-porphyrio.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Their ecology makes them <strong>sensitive indicators of the health, extent and connectivity of marsh habitats.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">SPECIES<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">STATUS<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Common Coot<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Red-knobbed Coot<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Moorhen<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Purple Swamp-hen<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">European Water Rail<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">At Paso \u00aa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Spotted Crake<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">In Paso (\u00aa)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Little Crake bastard<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">In Paso (\u00aa)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Baillon&#8217;s Crake girl<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">In Paso (\u00aa)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The community structure is dominated by formerly common but now strongly declining species. <strong>Common Coot (<em>Fulica atra<\/em>)<\/strong> and Moorhen <strong>(<em>Gallinula chloropus<\/em>)<\/strong> are the most abundant. However, both show a <strong>very pronounced negative trend (\u2193\u2193)<\/strong>, reflecting the deterioration of their habitat. The situation is even more critical for the <strong>Common-knobbed Coot (<em>Fulica cristata<\/em>)<\/strong>, a globally threatened species whose already scarce breeding population in Do\u00f1ana (with a maximum of 80 pairs) has been reduced to an average of only <strong>13 pairs<\/strong> during drought years, underlining its precarious conservation status.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong><em>Purple<\/em> Swamp-hen (<em>Porphyrio porphyrio<\/em>)<\/strong> is experiencing a <strong>particularly severe decline<\/strong>, with its breeding population shrinking from as many as 500 pairs to an average of just <strong>103 pairs<\/strong> during the drought period, evidence of the critical vulnerability of this iconic species to reedbed degradation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>general decline of the entire group<\/strong> is a warning sign of the <strong>loss of quality and fragmentation of the marsh vegetation stands<\/strong> in the wetland.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-13&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-13-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-13\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">GREBES AND CORMORANTS<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-13\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-13-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-15 is-style-text-subtitle--12 wp-block-paragraph\">This group of aquatic birds, <strong>fish-eaters and divers<\/strong> par excellence, is made up of species totally adapted to life in free waters, where they capture their prey by diving.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Tachybaptus-ruficollis-scaled-e1770104337510.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-28940 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1400\" height=\"933\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Tachybaptus-ruficollis-scaled-e1770104337510.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-28940\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Tachybaptus-ruficollis-scaled-e1770104337510.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Tachybaptus-ruficollis-scaled-e1770104337510-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Tachybaptus-ruficollis-scaled-e1770104337510-800x533.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Their success depends directly on the <strong>trophic quality, transparency and depth of the water masses<\/strong>. These species are residents with very important population reinforcement during wintering. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">SPECIES<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">STATUS<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Little Grebe<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Black-necked Grebe<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Great crested Grebe<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Great Cormorant<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the one hand, <strong>grebes and great crested gre<\/strong> bes are suffering a <strong>catastrophic reproductive collapse<\/strong>. <strong>Black-necked Grebes (<em>Podiceps nigricollis<\/em>)<\/strong> have gone from a high of 1,500 to only <strong>104<\/strong> breeding <strong>pairs<\/strong>, and <strong>Great crested Grebes (<em>Podiceps cristatus<\/em>)<\/strong> from 800 to <strong>153 pairs<\/strong>, trends that reflect the <strong>disappearance or degradation of the shallow, well-vegetated lagoons<\/strong> they need for breeding. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the other hand, the <strong>Great Cormorant (<em>Phalacrocorax carbo<\/em>)<\/strong>, a species with a very important population size during wintering, and until a few years ago, only present in this season in the territory of Andalusia, presents the <strong>strongest positive trend (\u2191\u2191) of the entire aquatic community<\/strong>, increasing its reproductive presence.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This contrast underscores their greater <strong>adaptive capacity, their trophic plasticity and their ability to exploit more artificial or altered environments<\/strong>, especially large reservoirs, thriving where other specialized divers disappear. This divergence is a clear indication of the <strong>loss of specific quality of aquatic habitats<\/strong> in the wetland. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-15&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-15-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-15\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">DUCKS<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-15\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-15-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-16 is-style-text-subtitle--14 wp-block-paragraph\">The anatidae group illustrates the <strong>fundamental duality of Do\u00f1ana<\/strong>: its <strong>irreplaceable role as a globally important wintering area<\/strong> versus a <strong>highly threatened breeding community.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Anas-platyrhichos-800x533.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45723 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Anas-platyrhichos-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45723\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Anas-platyrhichos-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Anas-platyrhichos-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Anas-platyrhichos.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The true magnitude of this group is revealed in the cold months, when hundreds of thousands of ducks find refuge in the marshes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">SPECIES<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">STATUS<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Mallard<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Shelduck<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Common spoon<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">European Porron<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Tufted Duck<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Red-crested Pochard<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">White-headed Duck<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Marble Teal<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Ferruginous Duck<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Greylag Goose<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering \u00aa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Common Teal<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Gadwall frieze<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering \u00aa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Pintail<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">European whistle<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Garganey<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">In Paso (\u00aa)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Nile Goose<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Wintering is spectacular in scale<\/strong>. Ten species have averaged 250,000 birds during the dry period (2020-2024), with the 2023\/2024 winter being the worst since records have been kept. Species such as the <strong>Northern Shoveler (<em>Spatula clypeata<\/em>)<\/strong> and the <strong>Greylag<\/strong> <strong>Goose (<em>Anas acuta<\/em>)<\/strong> form concentrations of <strong>up to 200,000 and 80,000 individuals<\/strong>, respectively, while the <strong><em>Greylag Goose (Anser anser<\/em>)<\/strong> fills the grasslands and dunes, reaching <strong>80,000 individuals<\/strong> in the most favorable years. These numbers make Do\u00f1ana one of the <strong>main wintering grounds in the western Palearctic<\/strong>.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In stark contrast, <strong>resident and breeding<\/strong> populations show a <strong>general downward trend<\/strong>. The <strong>Mallard (<em>Anas platyrhynchos<\/em>)<\/strong>, the breeding duck par excellence, has seen its population reduced by half with less than 500 pairs counted in the main Andalusian wetlands. However, Do\u00f1ana retains its importance for globally declining species that remain restricted. The <strong>White headed Duck (<em>Oxyura leucocephala<\/em>)<\/strong> with a current breeding population of <strong>40 pairs<\/strong> throughout Andalusia. A hopeful exception is represented by the Iberian <strong>arched-mouth nase (<em>Marmaronetta angustirostris<\/em>)<\/strong>, which, thanks to intensive conservation programs, shows a <strong>positive trend (\u2191)<\/strong> amidst the general decline, with some <strong>65 pairs<\/strong>.      <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-17&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-17-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-17\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">WADERS<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-17\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-17-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-17 is-style-text-subtitle--16 wp-block-paragraph\">This highly mobile and specialized group of birds acts as an <strong>accurate bioindicator of sediment dynamics and the availability of mudflats and exposed banks.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Avoceta-800x533.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45824 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Avoceta-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45824\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Avoceta-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Avoceta-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Avoceta.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Waders are a group <strong>that mainly winter and migrate<\/strong> in Do\u00f1ana. The vast majority of the more than 20 species recorded use the wetland as a <strong>resting and feeding area<\/strong> during the cold months or during their migratory passages. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">SPECIES<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">STATUS<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Avocet<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Black-winged Stilt<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Black-tailed Godwit Needle<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Bar-tailed Godwit<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Eurasian Curlew<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Whimbrel<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Common Redshank<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Spotted Redshank dark<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Common Sandpiper<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Ruff<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Large Green Sandpiper<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Wood Sandpiper<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Common Greenshank<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Marsh Sandpiper<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">In Step *<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">European Lapwing<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering \u00aa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">European Golden Plover<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Grey Plover<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Great Ringed Plover<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Little Ringed Plover<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Kentish Plover<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Common Snipe<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Jack Snipe<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Common Collared Pratincole<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Summer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Dunlin<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Tridactyl Sanderling<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Curlew Sandpiper<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Migradora de Paso* (Migradora de Paso *)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Red Knot<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Little Stints often<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Corr. de Temminck <\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">In Step *<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The wetland acts, first and foremost, as a <strong>first-rate wintering ground for<\/strong> thousands of birds from northern and central Europe. Species such as the Dunlin <strong>(<em>Calidris alpina<\/em>), with 86,000 individuals<\/strong>, and the <strong>Black-tailed Godwit (<em>Limosa limosa<\/em>), with 57,000<\/strong>, form here concentrations that stand out at a pan-European level, taking advantage of the trophic resources of the marshes and rice fields. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Simultaneously, Do\u00f1ana is a <strong>critical node in the Atlantic Flyway<\/strong>, which connects Eurasian breeding areas with wintering wetlands in <strong>West Africa<\/strong> (such as the Banc d&#8217;Arguin National Park in Mauritania). For species such as the <strong>Common Redshank (<em>Tringa totanus<\/em>)<\/strong> and <strong><em>Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus<\/em>)<\/strong>, the marshes are an <strong>indispensable way station<\/strong> on their trans-Saharan journeys. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, <strong>recent breeding<\/strong> &#8211; of both resident and summer species &#8211; starkly reflects the <strong>prolonged drought and drastic loss of suitable breeding habitat<\/strong>. Among the residents, the <strong>Avocet (<em>Recurvirostra avosetta<\/em>)<\/strong> and Black-winged <strong>Stilt (<em>Himantopus himantopus<\/em>)<\/strong> have seen their colonies collapse. Others, such as the <strong>Kentish Plover (<em>Charadrius alexandrinus<\/em>)<\/strong>, nest more and more dispersed. The Collared <strong><em>Pratincole (Glareola pratincola<\/em>)<\/strong>, a summer visitor, has fallen from 3,000 to an average of <strong>only 413 pairs<\/strong>.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thanks to their high dispersal capacity, these birds retain the <strong>potential to recolonize the wetland quickly<\/strong> when ecological conditions &#8211; especially the hydrological regime &#8211; are restored and become favorable again.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-19&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-19-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-19\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">GULLS<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-19\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-19-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-18 is-style-text-subtitle--18 wp-block-paragraph\">The l\u00e1ridos (gulls, terns and terns) are <strong>opportunistic waterbirds with a great capacity for dispersal<\/strong>. Their population dynamics reveal a clear dichotomy between the success of generalists and the collapse of specialists in Do\u00f1ana. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/genei-800x533.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-44576 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/genei-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-44576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/genei-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/genei-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/genei.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As <strong>overwinterers, they are dominant and resilient<\/strong>, constituting the <strong>third most abundant group during wintering<\/strong>. This is mainly due to the large congregations of the <strong>Black-backed Gull (<em>Larus fuscus<\/em>), which reaches 105,000 individuals<\/strong>, and the <strong>Black-backed Gull (<em>Chroicocephalus ridibundus<\/em>), with 30,000 individuals<\/strong>. Both make intensive use of the wetland&#8217;s winter productivity and landfill resources. They are also <strong>very abundant during the summer period<\/strong>, especially the <strong>Yellow-legged Gull (<em>Larus michahellis<\/em>)<\/strong>, which has essentially coastal habits.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">SPECIES<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">STATUS<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Whiskered Tern<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Summer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Black Tern<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Summer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Common Tern<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Sandwich Tern<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Little Tern<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Summer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Gull-billed Tern<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Summer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Caspian Tern<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Black-headed Gull<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Slender-billed Gull<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Audouin&#8217;s Gull<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">In Step *<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Mediterranean Gull<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering \u00aa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Black-backed Gull<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering \u00aa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Yellow-legged Gull<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In contrast, the <strong>specialist breeding species of freshwater wetlands have had their worst time during the drought<\/strong>. The <strong>Whiskered Tern (<em>Chlidonias hybrida<\/em>)<\/strong> has gone from a recorded high of around 7,000 to <strong>only 385 pairs<\/strong>, and the <strong>Common Tern (<em>Chlidonias niger<\/em>)<\/strong> has not reproduced in recent years. Terns, such as the <strong>Gull-billed tern (<em>Gelochelidon nilotica<\/em>)<\/strong>, have seen their colonies reduced by <strong>more than 60%<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A note of relative stability is offered by the <strong>Slender-billed Gull (<em>Chroicocephalus genei<\/em>)<\/strong>, whose population in <strong>hypersaline lagoons seems to remain stable<\/strong>, suggesting an adaptation to extreme conditions that other species do not tolerate.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-21&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-21-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-21\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">BIRDS OF PREY<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-21\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-21-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-19 is-style-text-subtitle--20 wp-block-paragraph\">This group has a <strong>low biomass but a disproportionate ecological impact<\/strong>. Its structure is simple, with few specialized species. The <strong>positive trend of the Osprey<\/strong> shows that, with strict conservation measures, it is possible to reverse declines even in a generally adverse context.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Pandion-scaled-800x534.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25119 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Pandion-scaled-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25119\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Pandion-scaled-800x534.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Pandion-scaled-380x254.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Pandion-scaled.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>western Marsh Harrier (<em>Circus aeruginos<\/em>)<\/strong> is the typical specialist of extensive reedbeds. Its breeding population, which reached over 100 pairs, has <strong>declined to an average of 42 pairs<\/strong> during the drought, showing a <strong>negative trend (\u2193).<\/strong> This decline points directly to the <strong>loss of quality and fragmentation of their hunting and nesting habitat<\/strong>, aggravated by the lack of water.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">SPECIES<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">STATUS<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Marsh Harrier<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Osprey<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Short-eared Owl<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the opposite extreme is the <strong>Osprey (<em>Pandion haliaetus<\/em>)<\/strong>, which represents a <strong>success story of active conservation<\/strong> in Andalusian wetlands. Thanks to a reintroduction program and strict protection, it has gone from being a scarce wintering bird to a <strong>consolidated breeding resident<\/strong>, with a <strong>very positive<\/strong> trend <strong>(\u2191\u2191)<\/strong> and an average of <strong>17 pairs<\/strong>, especially in the Odiel marshes. Its recovery demonstrates that, with proper management, it is possible to reverse declines even in an adverse general context.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finally, the <strong>Short-eared Owl (<em>Asio flammeus<\/em>)<\/strong> completes this trio as a <strong>scarce wintering and open terrain specialist<\/strong>, with an average presence of less than <strong>20 individuals<\/strong> censused. Its rarity underlines the vulnerability of steppe and open grassland habitats within the Do\u00f1ana complex. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-macho-vista-trasera-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45956 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-macho-vista-trasera-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45956\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-macho-vista-trasera-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-macho-vista-trasera-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Netta-rufina-macho-vista-trasera.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"acu&#xE1;ticas-amenazadas-Andaluc&#xED;a\">Threatened breeding waterfowl in Andalusia<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-large-font-size is-style-text-subtitle--22 wp-block-paragraph\">Do\u00f1ana es la gran cuna de las aves acu\u00e1ticas en Espa\u00f1a. <strong>En sus marismas y lagunas han encontrado refugio especies iconicas<\/strong>, verdaderos s\u00edmbolos de la biodiversidad mediterr\u00e1nea. Sin embargo, la crisis ecol\u00f3gica que vive el humedal est\u00e1 poniendo en jaque el futuro de algunas de sus m\u00e1s emblem\u00e1ticas reproductoras. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Oxyura-leucopcephala-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The White headed Duck (Oxyura leucocephala), with its conspicuous blue beak and erect tail, belongs to the small group of the Oxyurinii (8 species), among the 170 species that include the group of ducks, goslings and swans.\" class=\"wp-image-44911 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Oxyura-leucopcephala-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The White headed Duck (Oxyura leucocephala), with its conspicuous blue beak and erect tail, belongs to the small group of the Oxyurinii (8 species), among the 170 species that include the group of ducks, goslings and swans.\" class=\"wp-image-44911\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Oxyura-leucopcephala-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Oxyura-leucopcephala-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Oxyura-leucopcephala.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">La <strong>Malvas\u00eda cabeciblanca (<em>Oxyura leucocephala<\/em>), con su pico azul conspicuo y cola erguida<\/strong>, pertenece al reducido grupo de los Oxyurinii (8 especies), entre las 170 que cuenta el grupo de los patos, ansares y cisnos.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"is-style-default wp-block-paragraph\">From the discreet and elusive <strong>White headed Duck<\/strong>, which sees the disappearance of the natural lagoons where it used to breed, to the <strong>Bittern<\/strong>, whose reproduction in Do\u00f1ana is an exceptional event linked to years of optimal water conditions, each species tells a similar story.  <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion has-accent-4-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-31&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-accent-4-background-color has-background\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-31-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-31\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">SPECIES DATA SHEETS: <strong>Threatened waterbirds in Andalusia<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-31\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-31-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel has-accent-4-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: true, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-23&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-23-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-23\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">WHITE HEADED DUCK<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-23\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-23-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5b6ff4b4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-default is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized has-custom-border is-style-rounded\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Oxyura-leucocephala-circle.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"White headed Duck (Oxyura leucocephala)\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24240 lazyload\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Oxyura-leucocephala-circle.png\" alt=\"White headed Duck (Oxyura leucocephala)\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24240\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Oxyura-leucocephala-circle.png 400w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Oxyura-leucocephala-circle-380x380.png 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Oxyura-leucocephala-circle-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN-800x213.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45699 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"213\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN-800x213.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45699\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN-800x213.png 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN-380x101.png 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left is-style-default has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-20\"><strong>White headed Duck<em>(Oxyura leucocephala<\/em>)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although it experiences ups and downs, its overall long-term trend is negative. It is increasingly dependent on reservoirs and artificial ponds, as many of the natural ponds where it used to breed have been degraded or have lost their ecological functionality. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Oxyura-leucocephala-800x261.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Malvasia census in Andaluc\u00eda\" class=\"wp-image-45667 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"261\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Oxyura-leucocephala-800x261.jpg\" alt=\"Malvasia census in Andaluc\u00eda\" class=\"wp-image-45667\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Oxyura-leucocephala-800x261.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Oxyura-leucocephala-380x124.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Oxyura-leucocephala.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Malvasia census in Andalusia (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-24&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-24-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-24\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">IBERIAN ARCHED-MOUTH NASE IBERIAN ARCHED-MOUTH NASE<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-24\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-24-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5b6ff4b4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-default is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized has-custom-border is-style-rounded\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Marmaronetta-angustirostris-circle.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Marbled Teal (Marmaronetta angustirostris)\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24214 lazyload\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"399\" height=\"399\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Marmaronetta-angustirostris-circle.png\" alt=\"Marbled Teal (Marmaronetta angustirostris)\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24214\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Marmaronetta-angustirostris-circle.png 399w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Marmaronetta-angustirostris-circle-380x380.png 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Marmaronetta-angustirostris-circle-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 399px) 100vw, 399px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-CR-800x213.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45693 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"213\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-CR-800x213.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45693\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-CR-800x213.png 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-CR-380x101.png 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-CR.png 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left is-style-default has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-21\"><strong>Marbled Teal (Marmaronetta angustirostris)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A critically endangered bird showing a clear recovery after a breeding program and captive release. Its future depends directly on the conservation of the Guadalquivir marshes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Marmaronetta-angustirostris-800x325.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Census of Iberian arched-mouth nase in Andalusia\" class=\"wp-image-45670 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"325\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Marmaronetta-angustirostris-800x325.jpg\" alt=\"Census of Iberian arched-mouth nase in Andalusia\" class=\"wp-image-45670\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Marmaronetta-angustirostris-800x325.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Marmaronetta-angustirostris-380x155.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Marmaronetta-angustirostris.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Census of Iberian arched-mouth nase in Andalusia (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-25&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-25-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-25\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">FERRUGINOUS DUCK<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-25\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-25-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5b6ff4b4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-default is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized has-custom-border is-style-rounded\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Aythya-nyroca-circle.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Ferruginous Duck (Aythya nyroca)\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24099 lazyload\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"450\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Aythya-nyroca-circle.png\" alt=\"Ferruginous Duck (Aythya nyroca)\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24099\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Aythya-nyroca-circle.png 450w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Aythya-nyroca-circle-380x380.png 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Aythya-nyroca-circle-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN-800x213.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45699 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"213\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN-800x213.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45699\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN-800x213.png 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN-380x101.png 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left is-style-default has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-22\"><strong>Ferruginous Duck<em>(Aythya nyroca<\/em>)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lorem ipsum<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Aythya-nyroca-800x262.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Ferruginous Duck census in Andalusia  \" class=\"wp-image-45675 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"262\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Aythya-nyroca-800x262.jpg\" alt=\"Ferruginous Duck census in Andalusia  \" class=\"wp-image-45675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Aythya-nyroca-800x262.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Aythya-nyroca-380x125.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Aythya-nyroca.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ferruginous Duck census in Andalusia (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-26&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-26-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-26\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">RED-KNOBBED COMMON COOT<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-26\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-26-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5b6ff4b4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-default is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized has-custom-border is-style-rounded\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fulica-cristata-circle.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Red-knobbed Coot (Fulica cristata)\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24178 lazyload\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"322\" height=\"322\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fulica-cristata-circle.png\" alt=\"Red-knobbed Coot (Fulica cristata)\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24178\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fulica-cristata-circle.png 322w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fulica-cristata-circle-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 322px) 100vw, 322px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-CR-800x213.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45693 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"213\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-CR-800x213.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45693\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-CR-800x213.png 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-CR-380x101.png 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-CR.png 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left is-style-default has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-23\"><strong>Red-knobbed Coot<em>(Fulica cristata<\/em>)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the most critically endangered waterbirds. Its population, very scarce and concentrated, suffers a sharp long-term decline. Its survival is linked to a few wetlands that maintain water artificially, since the natural areas where it used to breed have been disappearing.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Fulica-cristata-800x261.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Census of Red-knobbed Coot in Andalusia\" class=\"wp-image-45678 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"261\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Fulica-cristata-800x261.jpg\" alt=\"Census of Red-knobbed Coot in Andalusia\" class=\"wp-image-45678\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Fulica-cristata-800x261.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Fulica-cristata-380x124.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Fulica-cristata.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Red-knobbed Coot census in Andalusia (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-27&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-27-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-27\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">BLACK TERN COMMON SMOKING<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-27\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-27-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5b6ff4b4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-default is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized has-custom-border is-style-rounded\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Chlidonias-niger-circle.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Black Tern (Chlidonias niger)\" class=\"has-border-color wp-image-24129 lazyload\" style=\"border-color:#d6ee20;border-width:5px;width:250px\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"299\" height=\"299\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Chlidonias-niger-circle.png\" alt=\"Black Tern (Chlidonias niger)\" class=\"has-border-color wp-image-24129\" style=\"border-color:#d6ee20;border-width:5px;width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Chlidonias-niger-circle.png 299w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Chlidonias-niger-circle-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 299px) 100vw, 299px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN-800x213.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45699 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"213\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN-800x213.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45699\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN-800x213.png 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN-380x101.png 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left is-style-default has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-24\"><strong>Black Tern<em>(Chlidonias niger<\/em>)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the verge of extinction as a breeder in the region. Its presence is sporadic and it no longer breeds regularly, reflecting the loss of the shallow, good quality wetland habitats it needs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Chlidonias-niger-800x261.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Census of Black Tern in Andalusia\" class=\"wp-image-45681 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"261\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Chlidonias-niger-800x261.jpg\" alt=\"Census of Black Tern in Andalusia\" class=\"wp-image-45681\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Chlidonias-niger-800x261.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Chlidonias-niger-380x124.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Chlidonias-niger.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Black Tern census in Andalusia (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-28&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-28-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-28\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">SQUACCO HERON<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-28\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-28-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5b6ff4b4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-default is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized has-custom-border is-style-rounded\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Ardeola-ralloides-circle.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Squacco Heron (Ardeola ralloides)\" class=\"has-border-color wp-image-24092 lazyload\" style=\"border-color:#d6ee20;border-width:5px;width:250px\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"379\" height=\"379\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Ardeola-ralloides-circle.png\" alt=\"Squacco Heron (Ardeola ralloides)\" class=\"has-border-color wp-image-24092\" style=\"border-color:#d6ee20;border-width:5px;width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Ardeola-ralloides-circle.png 379w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Ardeola-ralloides-circle-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 379px) 100vw, 379px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN-800x213.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45699 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"213\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN-800x213.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45699\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN-800x213.png 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN-380x101.png 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left is-style-default has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-25\"><strong>Squacco Heron<em>(Ardeola ralloides<\/em>)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This colonial heron is in decline. It forms unstable colonies that move between the marsh and artificial wetlands, which makes it very vulnerable to periods of drought and the alteration of the wetlands where it nests. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Ardeola-ralloides-800x262.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Census of Squacco Heron in Andalusia\" class=\"wp-image-45684 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"262\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Ardeola-ralloides-800x262.jpg\" alt=\"Census of Squacco Heron in Andalusia\" class=\"wp-image-45684\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Ardeola-ralloides-800x262.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Ardeola-ralloides-380x125.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Ardeola-ralloides.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Squacco Heron census in Andalusia (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-29&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-29-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-29\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">COMMON BITTERNAIL<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-29\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-29-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5b6ff4b4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-default is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized has-custom-border is-style-rounded\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Botaurus-stellaris-circle.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Bittern (Botaurus stellaris)\" class=\"has-border-color wp-image-24100 lazyload\" style=\"border-color:#d6ee20;border-width:5px;width:250px\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"532\" height=\"532\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Botaurus-stellaris-circle.png\" alt=\"Bittern (Botaurus stellaris)\" class=\"has-border-color wp-image-24100\" style=\"border-color:#d6ee20;border-width:5px;width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Botaurus-stellaris-circle.png 532w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Botaurus-stellaris-circle-380x380.png 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Botaurus-stellaris-circle-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 532px) 100vw, 532px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN-800x213.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45699 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"213\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN-800x213.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45699\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN-800x213.png 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN-380x101.png 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-EN.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left is-style-default has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-26\"><strong>Bittern<em>(Botaurus stellaris<\/em>)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Extremely discreet and difficult to observe. Its breeding population in Andalusia is minimal and its presence, limited almost exclusively to Do\u00f1ana, is erratic. Its reproduction only occurs in those years when the marsh has exceptional water conditions.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Botaurus-stellaris-800x261.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Bittern census in Andalusia\" class=\"wp-image-45687 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"261\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Botaurus-stellaris-800x261.jpg\" alt=\"Bittern census in Andalusia\" class=\"wp-image-45687\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Botaurus-stellaris-800x261.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Botaurus-stellaris-380x124.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Botaurus-stellaris.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Bittern census in Andalusia (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-30&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-30-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-30\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">OSPREY<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-30\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-30-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5b6ff4b4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-default is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized has-custom-border is-style-rounded\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Pandion-haliaetus-circle.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Osprey (Pandion haliaetus)\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24241 lazyload\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"423\" height=\"423\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Pandion-haliaetus-circle.png\" alt=\"Osprey (Pandion haliaetus)\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24241\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Pandion-haliaetus-circle.png 423w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Pandion-haliaetus-circle-380x380.png 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Pandion-haliaetus-circle-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 423px) 100vw, 423px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-VU.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45705 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"240\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-VU.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45705\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-VU.png 900w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-VU-380x101.png 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/IUCN-VU-800x213.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left is-style-default has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-27\"><strong>Osprey<em>(Pandion haliaetus<\/em>)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A specialist in catching fish with its claws, it is one of the most widely distributed birds of prey in the world. In Do\u00f1ana, it is a winter visitor but nests in Odiel and Janda. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Pandion-haliaetus-800x261.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Osprey census in Andalusia\" class=\"wp-image-45690 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"261\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Pandion-haliaetus-800x261.jpg\" alt=\"Osprey census in Andalusia\" class=\"wp-image-45690\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Pandion-haliaetus-800x261.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Pandion-haliaetus-380x124.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Pandion-haliaetus.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Osprey census in Andalusia (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Marmaronetta-angustirostris-scaled-e1739213375908-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"The Iberian arched-mouth nase (Marmaronetta angustirostris) is Critically Endangered globally, distributed in four isolated sub-populations. The Western Mediterranean (Spain and Maghreb) ranges from 760 to 2,200 individuals. \" class=\"wp-image-30039 lazyload\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.4981042196901353;width:612px;height:auto\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Marmaronetta-angustirostris-scaled-e1739213375908-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"The Iberian arched-mouth nase (Marmaronetta angustirostris) is Critically Endangered globally, distributed in four isolated sub-populations. The Western Mediterranean (Spain and Maghreb) ranges from 760 to 2,200 individuals. \" class=\"wp-image-30039\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.4981042196901353;width:612px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Marmaronetta-angustirostris-scaled-e1739213375908-800x534.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Marmaronetta-angustirostris-scaled-e1739213375908-380x254.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Marmaronetta-angustirostris-scaled-e1739213375908.jpg 1168w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">La <strong>Cerceta pardilla (<em>Marmaronetta angustirostris<\/em>) se encuentra En Peligro Cr\u00edtico a nivel global<\/strong>, distribuida en cuatro sub-poblaciones aisladas. La Mediterr\u00e1nea Occidental (Espa\u00f1a y Magreb) oscila entre 760 y 2.200 ejempares.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"is-style-default wp-block-paragraph\">La <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/en\/newsletter\/iberian-arched-mouth-nase-observations-and-preservation\/\">Cerceta pardilla<\/a><\/strong> y la <strong>Focha moruna<\/strong> dependen hoy de intensos programas de conservaci\u00f3n y de la gesti\u00f3n artificial del agua para evitar su extinci\u00f3n. El <strong>Porr\u00f3n pardo<\/strong> (<em>Aythya nyroca<\/em>) comparte amenazas: la p\u00e9rdida de vegetaci\u00f3n palustre, la competencia con especies invasoras y la alteraci\u00f3n de los niveles h\u00eddricos han reducido notablemente sus posibilidades de reproducci\u00f3n estable en la regi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se suma la regresi\u00f3n de la <strong>Garcilla cangrejera<\/strong> (<em>Ardeola ralloides<\/em>), cuya delicada dependencia de zonas encharcadas y carrizales la hace extremadamente vulnerable a las sequ\u00edas recurrentes.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"is-style-default wp-block-paragraph\">Otras, como el <strong>Fumarel com\u00fan<\/strong>, est\u00e1n al borde de desaparecer como reproductoras en la regi\u00f3n. Un signo de esperanza, lo representa el <strong>\u00c1guila pescadora<\/strong> (<em>Pandion haliaetus<\/em>), que ha vuelto a criar en el Odiel tras d\u00e9cadas de ausencia en la pen\u00ednsula.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size is-style-text-subtitle--32 wp-block-paragraph\">These birds are not only threatened by their own biological difficulties. Their decline points to underlying environmental problems: the <strong>degradation and loss of natural habitats<\/strong>, <strong>increasing dependence on artificial water infrastructure<\/strong> for breeding, and vulnerability to <strong>drought cycles aggravated by climate change and overexploitation of aquifers<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aves-acu&#xE1;ticas-invernantes\">Wintering waterfowl<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-large-font-size is-style-text-subtitle--33 wp-block-paragraph\">Climate change is making itself strongly felt on waterfowl populations in Andalusia.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Actitis_hypoleucos1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-40692 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Actitis_hypoleucos1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-40692\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Actitis_hypoleucos1-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Actitis_hypoleucos1-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Actitis_hypoleucos1.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The dominance of ducks during the wintering season<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-28 is-style-text-subtitle--34 wp-block-paragraph\">Durante la invernada, las an\u00e1tidas m\u00e1s numerosas en Do\u00f1ana est\u00e1n encabezadas con claridad por el <strong>pato cuchara<\/strong> (<em>Spatula clypeata<\/em>), que domina el grupo con cerca de 40% de los efectivos en el periodo 2004-2023, seguido por el <strong>\u00e1nsar com\u00fan<\/strong> (<em>Anser anser<\/em>) y el <strong>\u00e1nade rabudo<\/strong> (<em>Anas acuta<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Anatidas-invernantes-en-Andalucia-Occidental-800x607.jpg\" alt=\"The 7 most abundant ducks in Western Andalusia during the wintering season.\" class=\"wp-image-45997 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"607\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Anatidas-invernantes-en-Andalucia-Occidental-800x607.jpg\" alt=\"The 7 most abundant ducks in Western Andalusia during the wintering season.\" class=\"wp-image-45997\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Anatidas-invernantes-en-Andalucia-Occidental-800x607.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Anatidas-invernantes-en-Andalucia-Occidental-380x288.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Anatidas-invernantes-en-Andalucia-Occidental.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The 7 most abundant ducks in Western Andalusia during the wintering season.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tras ellos se sit\u00faan en cifras similares la <strong>cerceta com\u00fan<\/strong> (<em>Anas crecca<\/em>) y el <strong>\u00e1nade azul\u00f3n<\/strong> (<em>Anas platyrhynchos<\/em>), mientras que el <strong>silb\u00f3n europeo<\/strong> (<em>Mareca penelope<\/em>) y el <strong>porr\u00f3n europeo<\/strong> (<em>Aythya ferina<\/em>) completan el elenco de especies habituales, de modo que estas siete especies concentran alrededor del 90\u202f% de las an\u00e1tidas que pasan el invierno en las marismas y lagunas de Do\u00f1ana. Las completan quince especies regulares durante la invernada con 7% de los efectivos totales.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#8230;  <strong>Followed by the abundant waders<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-29 is-style-text-subtitle--35 wp-block-paragraph\">Entre las lim\u00edcolas invernantes de Do\u00f1ana, el protagonismo recae en el <strong>correlimos com\u00fan<\/strong> (<em>Calidris alpina<\/em>), que forma los bandos m\u00e1s numerosos y la abundante <strong>aguja colinegra<\/strong> (<em>Limosa limosa<\/em>), muy ligada a las marismas abiertas. Estas dos especies totalizan m\u00e1s de la mitad de todas las lim\u00edcolas.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Limicolas-invernantes-en-Donana-800x638.jpg\" alt=\"The 9 most abundant waders in Do\u00f1ana during the wintering season.\" class=\"wp-image-46000 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Limicolas-invernantes-en-Donana-800x638.jpg\" alt=\"The 9 most abundant waders in Do\u00f1ana during the wintering season.\" class=\"wp-image-46000\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Limicolas-invernantes-en-Donana-800x638.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Limicolas-invernantes-en-Donana-380x303.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Limicolas-invernantes-en-Donana.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The 9 most abundant waders in Do\u00f1ana during the wintering season.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con efectivos menores pero siempre consecuentes, el <strong>avefr\u00eda europea<\/strong> (<em>Vanellus vanellus<\/em>) y la <strong>avoceta com\u00fan<\/strong> (<em>Recurvirostra avosetta<\/em>) se desplazan en grupos compactos. Junto a ellas se distribuyen el <strong>chorlitejo grande<\/strong> (<em>Charadrius hiaticula<\/em>), los <strong>chorlitos dorado europeo<\/strong> (<em>Pluvialis apricaria<\/em>) y gris (<em>Pluvialis squatarola<\/em>), el <strong>archibebe com\u00fan<\/strong> (<em>Tringa totanus<\/em>) y el <strong>chorlitejo patinegro<\/strong> (<em>Charadrius alexandrinus<\/em>) , que aprovechan la diversidad de h\u00e1bitats en el humedal. Una veintena de especies adicionales de lim\u00edcolas menos abundantes (11% del total de individuos) visitan las marismas durante la invernada.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Rarezas en Do\u00f1ana<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Entre las aves divagantes y de presencia muy rara en Andaluc\u00eda durante la invernada, algunas se registran con algo m\u00e1s de regularidad y resultan ligeramente m\u00e1s previsibles, como el <strong>\u00e1nsar careto <\/strong>(<em>Anser albifrons<\/em>), la <strong>barnacla cariblanca <\/strong>(<em>Branta leucopsis<\/em>), la <strong>barnacla carinegra <\/strong>(<em>Branta bernicla<\/em>) y el <strong>chorlito carambolo <\/strong>(<em>Charadrius morinellus<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Long-term evolution<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-30 is-style-text-subtitle--36 wp-block-paragraph\">Despu\u00e9s de una espectacular recuperaci\u00f3n de las aves invernantes, asistimos en la actualidad a una importante perdida de su poblaci\u00f3n. Esto se deben a una sinergia de factores negativos. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Evolucion-Aves-acuaticas-invernantes-800x481.jpg\" alt=\"Evolution of wintering waterbirds: February annual censuses in western Andalusia and Do\u00f1ana National Park.\" class=\"wp-image-45912 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"481\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Evolucion-Aves-acuaticas-invernantes-800x481.jpg\" alt=\"Evolution of wintering waterbirds: February annual censuses in western Andalusia and Do\u00f1ana National Park.\" class=\"wp-image-45912\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Evolucion-Aves-acuaticas-invernantes-800x481.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Evolucion-Aves-acuaticas-invernantes-380x228.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Evolucion-Aves-acuaticas-invernantes.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Evolution of wintering waterbirds: February annual censuses in western Andalusia and Do\u00f1ana National Park.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por un lado, las temperaturas m\u00e1s suaves favorecen la estancia de las aves m\u00e1s al norte de su distribuci\u00f3n previa durante el invierno. Por otro lado, las sequ\u00edas prolongadas y sobreexplotaci\u00f3n del acu\u00edfero han deteriorado los humedales. Se han escuchado repetidas alarmas en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pero <strong>Do\u00f1ana sigue siendo Do\u00f1ana<\/strong>, y en pocos sitios de Europa pueden verse grandes concentraciones de aves y aburmadora diversidad de especies.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pajareras-Do&#xF1;ana\">The Guadalquivir aviaries<\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Bubulcus-ibis-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45726 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Bubulcus-ibis-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45726\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Bubulcus-ibis-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Bubulcus-ibis-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Bubulcus-ibis.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-large-font-size is-style-text-subtitle--37 wp-block-paragraph\">At the end of the 19th century, the British naturalist Abel Chapman acted as the great popularizer of Do\u00f1ana to the world. In his work &#8220;Wild Spain&#8221; (1893), he described with poetic wonder the colony, which he called &#8220;The Heronry&#8221;. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">His gaze, halfway between hunter and conservationist, captured the essence of the place: the deafening bustle, the impossible density of nests in the cork oaks and the marsh as an infinite pantry.  <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Ardea-ibis-pajarera-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Do\u00f1ana&#039;s aviary\" class=\"wp-image-45818 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Ardea-ibis-pajarera-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Do\u00f1ana&#039;s aviary\" class=\"wp-image-45818\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Ardea-ibis-pajarera-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Ardea-ibis-pajarera-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Ardea-ibis-pajarera.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Later, the Spanish ecologist Jos\u00e9 Antonio Valverde conducted the first systematic studies <strong>in the 1950s and 1960s on the largest colony of herons and Spoonbills in Western Europe<\/strong>. Its location in La Vera, between the mountain and the marsh, and the stratification of the species in the trees responded to an ecological logic, a science that was taking off at the time. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/el-alcornoque-y-su-fauna-Joaquin-Lopez-Rojas.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45979 lazyload\" style=\"width:600px;height:auto\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"414\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/el-alcornoque-y-su-fauna-Joaquin-Lopez-Rojas.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45979\" style=\"width:600px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/el-alcornoque-y-su-fauna-Joaquin-Lopez-Rojas.jpg 600w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/el-alcornoque-y-su-fauna-Joaquin-Lopez-Rojas-380x262.jpg 380w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The cork oak and its fauna \/ Joaqu\u00edn L\u00f3pez Rojas (1978). <a href=\"https:\/\/biblioteca.oapn.es\/cgi-bin\/koha\/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=66443\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Parks Library Network<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since then the aviary acquired an almost mythical status, an emblem of Do\u00f1ana par excellence. Its <strong>location in the relict cork oak forest (<em>Quercus suber<\/em>) of La Vera<\/strong>, the ecosystem meandering between marshes and dune system, allows access to fresh water and the development of an exceptional animal community. A true ecstasy for nature lovers. The iconic engraving &#8220;The cork oak and its fauna&#8221; captures this essence.   <\/p>\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-38&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-accent-4-background-color has-background\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-38-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-38\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">SPECIES DATA SHEETS: <strong>Colonial herons and waders in Do\u00f1ana and Guadalquivir river banks<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-38\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-38-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5b6ff4b4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-default is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized has-custom-border is-style-rounded\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Ciconia-ciconia-circle.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24133 lazyload\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Ciconia-ciconia-circle.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24133\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Ciconia-ciconia-circle.png 300w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Ciconia-ciconia-circle-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left is-style-default has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-31\"><strong>White Stork<em>(Ciconia ciconia<\/em>)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is the <strong>architect of the largest and most prominent nests<\/strong>. It occupies the upper part of trees (cork oaks and eucalyptus), building platforms of branches of more than one meter in diameter that it usually reuses and enlarges year after year. Its large size and striking behavior make it one of the most visible and emblematic species in the aviary.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Census-Ciconia-ciconia-800x352.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"White Stork census in Andalusia (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).\" class=\"wp-image-45801 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"352\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Census-Ciconia-ciconia-800x352.jpg\" alt=\"White Stork census in Andalusia (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).\" class=\"wp-image-45801\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Census-Ciconia-ciconia-800x352.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Census-Ciconia-ciconia-380x167.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Census-Ciconia-ciconia.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">White Stork census in Andalusia (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5b6ff4b4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-default is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized has-custom-border is-style-rounded\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Platalea-leucorodia-circle.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24260 lazyload\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"565\" height=\"565\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Platalea-leucorodia-circle.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24260\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Platalea-leucorodia-circle.png 565w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Platalea-leucorodia-circle-380x380.png 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Platalea-leucorodia-circle-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 565px) 100vw, 565px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left is-style-default has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-32\"><strong>Spoonbill<em>(Platalea leucorodia<\/em>)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Emblematic and highly visible species. It nests in the <strong>upper-middle part of trees<\/strong>, often near storks. Its unmistakable silhouette and Spoonbill-shaped bill make it unique. It forms dense and noisy colonies inside the aviary.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Platalea-leucorodia-800x325.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Spoonbill breeding pairs census (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).\" class=\"wp-image-45783 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"325\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Platalea-leucorodia-800x325.jpg\" alt=\"Spoonbill breeding pairs census (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).\" class=\"wp-image-45783\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Platalea-leucorodia-800x325.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Platalea-leucorodia-380x155.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Platalea-leucorodia.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Spoonbill breeding pairs census (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5b6ff4b4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-default is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized has-custom-border is-style-rounded\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Plegadis-falcinellus-circle.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24261 lazyload\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"450\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Plegadis-falcinellus-circle.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24261\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Plegadis-falcinellus-circle.png 450w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Plegadis-falcinellus-circle-380x380.png 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Plegadis-falcinellus-circle-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left is-style-default has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-33\"><strong>Glossy Ibis<em>(Plegadis falcinellus<\/em>)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Recent successful colonizer<\/strong>, with the first nests detected in 1996. It nests <strong>high up in trees<\/strong>, or in tamaracks, building robust nests, often in association with storks. It forms noisy and very visible colonies.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Plegadis-falcinellus-800x325.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Census of Glossy Ibis breeding pairs (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).\" class=\"wp-image-45777 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"325\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Plegadis-falcinellus-800x325.jpg\" alt=\"Census of Glossy Ibis breeding pairs (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).\" class=\"wp-image-45777\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Plegadis-falcinellus-800x325.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Plegadis-falcinellus-380x155.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Plegadis-falcinellus.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Census of Glossy Ibis breeding pairs (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5b6ff4b4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-default is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized has-custom-border is-style-rounded\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Egretta-garzetta-circle.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24159 lazyload\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"575\" height=\"575\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Egretta-garzetta-circle.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24159\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Egretta-garzetta-circle.png 575w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Egretta-garzetta-circle-380x380.png 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Egretta-garzetta-circle-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 575px) 100vw, 575px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left is-style-default has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-34\"><strong>Little Egret<em>(Egretta garzetta<\/em>)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the most <strong>numerous and gregarious<\/strong> species. Forms dense clusters of small, crowded nests on <strong>branches in the middle part of trees<\/strong>, often mixed with Cattle Egrets. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Census-Egretta-garzetta-800x352.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Census of common crane in Andalusia (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).\" class=\"wp-image-45798 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"352\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Census-Egretta-garzetta-800x352.jpg\" alt=\"Census of common crane in Andalusia (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).\" class=\"wp-image-45798\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Census-Egretta-garzetta-800x352.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Census-Egretta-garzetta-380x167.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Census-Egretta-garzetta.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Little Egret census in Andalusia (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5b6ff4b4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-default is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized has-custom-border is-style-rounded\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Bubulcus-ibis-circle.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24101 lazyload\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"449\" height=\"449\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Bubulcus-ibis-circle.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24101\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Bubulcus-ibis-circle.png 449w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Bubulcus-ibis-circle-380x380.png 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Bubulcus-ibis-circle-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 449px) 100vw, 449px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left is-style-default has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-35\"><strong><strong>Cattle Egret<\/strong> (<em>Bubulcus ibis<\/em><\/strong>)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>most adaptable and expansive<\/strong> species. It forms <strong>massive and overcrowded colonies<\/strong> in any available stratification, from low to high branches. It is the one that provides the highest density of individuals. Originally from the <strong>savannahs of sub-Saharan Africa<\/strong>, it was the protagonist of one of the largest and fastest natural expansions of the 20th century.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Census-Bubulcus-ibis-800x352.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Cattle Egret census in Andalusia (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).\" class=\"wp-image-45792 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"352\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Census-Bubulcus-ibis-800x352.jpg\" alt=\"Cattle Egret census in Andalusia (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).\" class=\"wp-image-45792\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Census-Bubulcus-ibis-800x352.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Census-Bubulcus-ibis-380x167.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Census-Bubulcus-ibis.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Cattle Egret census in Andalusia (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5b6ff4b4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-default is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized has-custom-border is-style-rounded\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Nycticorax-nycticorax-circle.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24233 lazyload\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"389\" height=\"389\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Nycticorax-nycticorax-circle.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24233\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Nycticorax-nycticorax-circle.png 389w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Nycticorax-nycticorax-circle-380x380.png 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Nycticorax-nycticorax-circle-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left is-style-default has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-36\"><strong>Night Heron<em>(Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax<\/em>)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nocturnal and crepuscular<\/strong> species. It nests in the <strong>lower, interior and shady part<\/strong> of trees, in dense areas, forming discrete colonies. It leaves the colony at dusk to hunt <strong>at night<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Nycticorax-nycticorax-800x325.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Census of breeding pairs of Night Heron (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).\" class=\"wp-image-45786 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"325\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Nycticorax-nycticorax-800x325.jpg\" alt=\"Census of breeding pairs of Night Heron (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).\" class=\"wp-image-45786\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Nycticorax-nycticorax-800x325.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Nycticorax-nycticorax-380x155.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Nycticorax-nycticorax.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Census of breeding pairs of Night Heron (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5b6ff4b4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-default is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized has-custom-border is-style-rounded\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Ardea-cinerea-circle.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24090 lazyload\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"346\" height=\"346\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Ardea-cinerea-circle.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-border-color has-accent-2-border-color wp-image-24090\" style=\"border-width:5px;width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Ardea-cinerea-circle.png 346w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Ardea-cinerea-circle-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left is-style-default has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-37\"><strong><strong>Grey Heron<em>(Ardea cinerea<\/em>)<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>large piscivorous predator<\/strong> of the colony. Nests in <strong>tall, robust trees<\/strong>, often in dominant positions. It is more solitary in its nesting within the colony, keeping some distance from other species.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Ardea-cinerea-800x352.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Grey Heron census in Andalusia (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).\" class=\"wp-image-45789 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"352\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Ardea-cinerea-800x352.jpg\" alt=\"Grey Heron census in Andalusia (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).\" class=\"wp-image-45789\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Ardea-cinerea-800x352.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Ardea-cinerea-380x167.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Ardea-cinerea.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Grey Heron census in Andalusia (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-3-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5b6ff4b4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-default is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized has-custom-border is-style-rounded\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Ardeola-ralloides-circle.png\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Squacco Heron (Ardeola ralloides)\" class=\"has-border-color wp-image-24092 lazyload\" style=\"border-color:#d6ee20;border-width:5px;width:250px\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"379\" height=\"379\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Ardeola-ralloides-circle.png\" alt=\"Squacco Heron (Ardeola ralloides)\" class=\"has-border-color wp-image-24092\" style=\"border-color:#d6ee20;border-width:5px;width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Ardeola-ralloides-circle.png 379w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Ardeola-ralloides-circle-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 379px) 100vw, 379px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left is-style-default has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-38\"><strong>Squacco Heron<em>(Ardeola ralloides<\/em>)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It nests in <strong>low branches or dense thickets near water<\/strong> in the aviary. Its breeding plumage (ochre, white and blue) is spectacular, but out of season it is very cryptic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Ardeola-ralloides-800x262.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"low\" alt=\"Census of Squacco Heron in Andalusia\" class=\"wp-image-45684 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"262\" fetchpriority=\"low\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Ardeola-ralloides-800x262.jpg\" alt=\"Census of Squacco Heron in Andalusia\" class=\"wp-image-45684\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Ardeola-ralloides-800x262.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Ardeola-ralloides-380x125.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Census-Ardeola-ralloides.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Squacco Heron census in Andalusia (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Pajarera-de-Donana-800x331.jpg\" alt=\"Census in the Pajarera de Do\u00f1ana - Palacio de Do\u00f1ana (Source: MITECO).\" class=\"wp-image-45780 lazyload\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2.4168915187709303;width:612px;height:auto\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"331\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Pajarera-de-Donana-800x331.jpg\" alt=\"Census in the Pajarera de Do\u00f1ana - Palacio de Do\u00f1ana (Source: MITECO).\" class=\"wp-image-45780\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2.4168915187709303;width:612px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Pajarera-de-Donana-800x331.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Pajarera-de-Donana-380x157.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Pajarera-de-Donana.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Census in the Pajarera de Do\u00f1ana &#8211; Palacio de Do\u00f1ana (Source: MITECO).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unfortunately, this unique forest faces critical threats that compromise its future due to <strong>aging and lack of regeneration: <\/strong>Many of the cork oaks of La Vera are decayed <strong>centennial veterans<\/strong>. Today the aviary is a shadow of its former self.   <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-accent-5-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\">Natural regeneration is scarce due to <strong>severe <\/strong>soil <strong>drought <\/strong>, which prevents acorns from germinating and surviving. <strong>Overexploitation of the aquifer<\/strong> has lowered the water table, depriving these deeply rooted trees of the water they need, especially in summer. <strong>Symptoms of decay and lighter canopies<\/strong> are observed in many specimens.  <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Pajareras-de-cigenas-scaled-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Aviary along the Guadalquivir river in eucalyptus trees.\" class=\"wp-image-25115 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Pajareras-de-cigenas-scaled-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Aviary along the Guadalquivir river in eucalyptus trees.\" class=\"wp-image-25115\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Pajareras-de-cigenas-scaled-800x534.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Pajareras-de-cigenas-scaled-380x254.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Pajareras-de-cigenas-scaled.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An aviary along the Guadalquivir in the East Branch.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Posteriormente, <strong>nuevas pajareras<\/strong> han surgido en otros lugares de Do\u00f1ana, remontando el r\u00edo Guadalquivir, incluso hasta C\u00f3rdoba, reflejando el \u00e9xito de las poblaciones de zancudas y arde\u00eddas. Las aves se instalaron en lugares seguros para ello, principalmente en grandes eucaliptos, una especie invasora de porte formidable y muy frecuente en las orillas andaluzas.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Img0739-e1582764972493-800x500.jpg\" alt=\"Mosqu\u00e9e Cath\u00e9drale de Cordoue, Pont Romain et Sotos de la Albolafia\" class=\"wp-image-11246 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Img0739-e1582764972493-800x500.jpg\" alt=\"Mosqu\u00e9e Cath\u00e9drale de Cordoue, Pont Romain et Sotos de la Albolafia\" class=\"wp-image-11246\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Img0739-e1582764972493-800x500.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Img0739-e1582764972493-380x238.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Img0739-e1582764972493.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Los Sotos de la Albolafia en C\u00f3rdoba junto al casco hist\u00f3rico.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las garzas y zancudas asentaron sus dormideros y colonias en <strong>espacios urbanos y peri-urbanos<\/strong> (<strong>Parque del Alamillo <\/strong>de Sevilla, Sotos de la Albolafia de C\u00f3rdoba) y la <strong>recuperaci\u00f3n de humedales restaurados<\/strong> (<strong>Dehesa de Abajo de Sevilla<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Evolucion-de-las-pajareras-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Pairs of colonial birds that form mixed aviaries: BLUE: Emblematic: Common Spoonbill (Plataela leucoreudia) + Common Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) + Squacco Heron (Ardeola ralloides) + Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax). GREEN: Common: Black Stork (Ciconia ciconia) + Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) + Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) + Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea). \" class=\"wp-image-45925 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Evolucion-de-las-pajareras-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Pairs of colonial birds that form mixed aviaries: BLUE: Emblematic: Common Spoonbill (Plataela leucoreudia) + Common Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) + Squacco Heron (Ardeola ralloides) + Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax). GREEN: Common: Black Stork (Ciconia ciconia) + Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) + Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) + Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea). \" class=\"wp-image-45925\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Evolucion-de-las-pajareras-800x534.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Evolucion-de-las-pajareras-380x254.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Evolucion-de-las-pajareras.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Pairs of colonial birds that form mixed aviaries: <strong>BLUE: Emblematic<\/strong>: Common Spoonbill<em>(Plataela leucoreudia<\/em>) + Common Glossy Ibis<em>(Plegadis falcinellus<\/em>) + Squacco Heron<em>(Ardeola ralloides<\/em>) + Night Heron<em>(Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax<\/em>). <strong>GREEN: Common <\/strong>: Black Stork<em>(Ciconia ciconia<\/em>) + Cattle Egret (<em>Bubulcus ibis<\/em>) + Little Egret<em>(Egretta garzetta<\/em>) + Grey Heron<em>(Ardea cinerea<\/em>).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion has-accent-3-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-39&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-accent-3-background-color has-background\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-39-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-39\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">The Role of the <strong>American Red Crab<\/strong><em>(Procambarus clarkii<\/em>) in Do\u00f1ana.<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-39\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-39-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"border-top-color:var(--wp--preset--color--accent-3);border-right-color:var(--wp--preset--color--accent-3);border-right-width:50px;border-bottom-color:var(--wp--preset--color--accent-3);border-bottom-width:50px;border-left-color:var(--wp--preset--color--accent-3);border-left-width:50px\">It was <strong>deliberately introduced into the Guadalquivir marshes in 1973-74<\/strong>, with the main objective of commercial exploitation. After its introduction, the crab expanded massively, creating a <strong>superabundant, predictable and available food source throughout the year<\/strong>. This greatly benefited generalist and opportunistic species. The American red crab was a <strong>key factor, albeit accidental and ecologically undesirable, in the numerical recovery of several ardeids and waders in the last quarter of the 20th century.<\/strong> But important impacts: <strong>Predation and Competition:<\/strong> the crab is a voracious omnivore.    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"&#xC1;guila-imperial-Do&#xF1;ana\">Paseriformes de las marismas<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-large-font-size is-style-text-subtitle--40 wp-block-paragraph\">Los paseriformes acu\u00e1ticos explotan h\u00e1bitats ribere\u00f1os y humedales, desde carrizales densos hasta vegetaci\u00f3n emergente y matorrales de ribera. En Andaluc\u00eda, especialmente en espacios como Do\u00f1ana, actuan como indicadores clave de la salud de los ecosistemas ribere\u00f1os.<\/p>\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion has-custom-gris-f-6-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-41&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-accent-4-background-color has-background\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-41-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-41\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">TABLA: <strong>Paseriformes de h\u00famedales en Andaluc\u00eda Occidental<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-41\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-41-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-39 wp-block-paragraph\">Tabla resumen de los paseriformes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">SPECIES<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">STATUS<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">REPRODUCCI\u00d3N<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">INVERNADA<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">MIGRACI\u00d3N<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">H\u00c1BITAT<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Pechiazul<\/td><td>Luscinia svecica<\/td><td>Invernal<\/td><td><\/td><td>Com\u00fan<\/td><td><\/td><td>Orillas fangosas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bisbita alpino \u200b<\/td><td>Anthus spinoletta<\/td><td>Invernal<\/td><td><\/td><td>Varios cientos<\/td><td><\/td><td>Orillas fangosas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Carricero tordal<\/td><td>Acrocephalus arundinaceus<\/td><td>Summer<\/td><td>Com\u00fan<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>Vegetaci\u00f3n palustre<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Carricer\u00edn com\u00fan \u200b<\/td><td>Acrocephalus schoenobaenus<\/td><td>Migrador<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>Abundante<\/td><td>Vegetaci\u00f3n palustre<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Carricero com\u00fan \u200b<\/td><td>Acrocephalus scirpaceus<\/td><td>Summer<\/td><td>Muy com\u00fan<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>Vegetaci\u00f3n palustre<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Buscarla unicolor \u200b<\/td><td>Locustella luscinioides<\/td><td>Summer<\/td><td>Rara<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>Vegetaci\u00f3n palustre<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Buscarla pintoja \u200b<\/td><td>Locustella naevia<\/td><td>Migrador<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>Rara<\/td><td>Vegetaci\u00f3n palustre<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Escribano palustre<\/td><td>Emberiza schoeniclus<\/td><td>Invernal<\/td><td><\/td><td>Frecuente<\/td><td><\/td><td>Vegetaci\u00f3n palustre<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Buitr\u00f3n \u200b<\/td><td>Cisticola juncidis<\/td><td>Sedentario<\/td><td>Muy com\u00fan<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>Ambientes abiertos h\u00famedos<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bisbita campestre \u200b<\/td><td>Anthus campestris<\/td><td>Summer<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>Muy com\u00fan<\/td><td>Ambientes abiertos h\u00famedos<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bisbita pratense \u200b<\/td><td>Anthus pratensis<\/td><td>Invernal<\/td><td><\/td><td>Varios cientos de miles<\/td><td><\/td><td>Ambientes abiertos h\u00famedos<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lavandera boyera \u200b<\/td><td>Motacilla flava<\/td><td>Summer<\/td><td>Com\u00fan<\/td><td>Rara<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">30.000<\/td><td>Ambientes abiertos h\u00famedos<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lavandera blanca \u200b<\/td><td>Motacilla alba<\/td><td>Sedentaria<\/td><td>Muy com\u00fan<\/td><td>150.000\u2013500.000<\/td><td><\/td><td>Ambientes abiertos<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ruise\u00f1or bastardo \u200b<\/td><td>Cettia cetti<\/td><td>Sedentario<\/td><td>Com\u00fan<\/td><td>Muy com\u00fan<\/td><td><\/td><td>Bosque de ribera<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P\u00e1jaro mosc\u00f3n europeo \u200b<\/td><td>Remiz pendulinus<\/td><td>Sedentario<\/td><td>Localizado<\/td><td>Com\u00fan<\/td><td><\/td><td>Bosque de ribera<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zarcero pol\u00edglota \u200b<\/td><td>Hippolais polyglotta<\/td><td>Summer<\/td><td>Muy com\u00fan<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>Bosque de ribera<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zarcero bereber \u200b<\/td><td>Iduna opaca<\/td><td>Summer<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>Bosque de ribera<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bisbita arb\u00f3reo \u200b<\/td><td>Anthus trivialis<\/td><td>Migrador<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>Muy com\u00fan<\/td><td>Bosque de ribera<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estas especies combinan residentes sedentarios, estivales migratorias y poblaciones invernantes.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Solo se\u00f1alar los paserifores m\u00e1s especializados y comunes, entre ellos los carriceros del g\u00e9nero <em>Acrocephalus<\/em>, el <strong>carricero tordal<\/strong> (<em>Acrocephalus arundinaceus<\/em>) es un estivales com\u00fan en carrizales altos, mientras que el <strong>carricero com\u00fan<\/strong> (<em>Acrocephalus scirpaceus<\/em>) domina los tarajales y juncales extensos, y el <strong>carricer\u00edn com\u00fan<\/strong> (<em>Acrocephalus schoenobaenus<\/em>) aparece como migrador abundante en paso. Especies m\u00e1s raras como la <strong>buscarla unicolor<\/strong> (<em>Locustella luscinioides<\/em>) y la <strong>buscarla pintoja<\/strong> (<em>Locustella naevia<\/em>) prefieren vegetaci\u00f3n densa y h\u00fameda durante su breve paso estival o migratorio. El <strong>escribano palustre<\/strong> (<em>Emberiza schoeniclus<\/em>) inverna con frecuencia en carrizales.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"&#xC1;guila-imperial-Do&#xF1;ana\">Imperial eagle in Do\u00f1ana<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-large-font-size is-style-text-subtitle--42 wp-block-paragraph\">Do\u00f1ana is home to one of the most stable and best studied breeding populations, the result of decades of scientific efforts and protection measures. Its presence is a biological indicator of the first order: where the imperial eagle breeds successfully, the ecosystem still retains its integrity. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Spanish Imperial Eagle, supreme symbol of Do\u00f1ana. Its population, far from expanding in other areas, is stagnant and in productive decline. The key to this paradox lies in its <strong>unique feeding strategy<\/strong>, a delicate balance between two worlds that today are failing.  <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Aquila-adalberti-Donana-800x325.jpg\" alt=\"Evolution of the occupied territories of the Spanish Imperial Eagle (Aquila adalberti (\u2640\u2642) in Do\u00f1ana. Source: MITECO. \" class=\"wp-image-45774 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"325\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Aquila-adalberti-Donana-800x325.jpg\" alt=\"Evolution of the occupied territories of the Spanish Imperial Eagle (Aquila adalberti (\u2640\u2642) in Do\u00f1ana. Source: MITECO. \" class=\"wp-image-45774\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Aquila-adalberti-Donana-800x325.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Aquila-adalberti-Donana-380x155.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Aquila-adalberti-Donana.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Evolution of the occupied territories of the Spanish Imperial Eagle (Aquila adalberti (\u2640\u2642) in Do\u00f1ana. Source: MITECO. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The main resource: the wild rabbit.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As a specialist, their reproductive success depends critically on the abundance of this lagomorph. However, successive viral epidemics (myxomatosis and hemorrhagic disease) have collapsed their populations in the dunes and reserves of Do\u00f1ana, without having been able to recover after decades. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The alternative resource: waterfowl<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is Do\u00f1ana&#8217;s distinctive adaptation. For much of the year, especially in winter, the eagles hunt ducks, Common Coots and other birds in the marsh, a supplement that historically provided them with a safety net. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Evolution of imperial eagle population in Do\u00f1ana<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do\u00f1ana is suffering a <strong>synchronized ecological crisis<\/strong>: in the mountains, the rabbit is scarce and its recovery is elusive. <strong>In the marshes:<\/strong> structural drought, aggravated by overexploitation of the aquifer, drastically reduces waterfowl populations.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The result is that imperial eagles in Do\u00f1ana have stagnated and are far from their historical maximum. The survival of the imperial eagle in its historical stronghold no longer depends only on protecting its nests, but also on improving environmental conditions for its prey. <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"esteparias-en-Do&#xF1;ana\">Steppe birds in Do\u00f1ana<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-base-color has-accent-1-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"&lt;!--[CDATA[https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/blog\/aves-esteparias-en-andalucia\/]]--&gt;\"><strong>Visual Guide Steppe Birds Andalusia<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Pterocles_orientalis-in-flight_Julia-Guerra-Carande-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45156 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Pterocles_orientalis-in-flight_Julia-Guerra-Carande-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45156\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Pterocles_orientalis-in-flight_Julia-Guerra-Carande-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Pterocles_orientalis-in-flight_Julia-Guerra-Carande-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Pterocles_orientalis-in-flight_Julia-Guerra-Carande.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-large-font-size is-style-text-subtitle--43 wp-block-paragraph\">Hidden in its southern and eastern flank, there is another Do\u00f1ana, dry, open and beaten by the wind: that of the <strong>steppe birds<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Steppe ecosystems are mainly located in salt marsh areas. These pseudo-steppe patches are home to a unique and highly specialized ornithological community, whose most emblematic members are the <strong>Little Bustard<\/strong><em>(Tetrax tetrax<\/em>), the <strong>Iberian Pin-tailed Sandgrouse<\/strong><em>(Pterocles alchata<\/em>) and the <strong>Black-bellied Sandgrouse<\/strong><em>(Pterocles orientalis<\/em>), the <strong>Little Stone Curlew<\/strong><em>(Burhinus oedicnemus<\/em>) and the <strong>European Pin-tailed Sandgrouse<\/strong><em>(Coracias garrulus<\/em>). They are birds with cryptic plumage, low flying and discreet habits, true ghosts of the plains.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These species, typical of cereal drylands and inland moorlands, find a last refuge in the arid edges of the wetland. The reason is twofold: on the one hand, these marginal habitats offer the <strong>open structure and clear soil<\/strong> they need to feed (on seeds and insects) and nest on the ground. On the other hand, <strong>traditional extensive management<\/strong> &#8211; grazing by marsh and equine cattle &#8211; kept these grasslands open, preventing scrub from invading them.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Steppe birds in the Guadalquivir dry marshes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Pin-tailed <strong>Sandgrouse (<em>Pterocles orientalis<\/em>)<\/strong>, a fast-flying steppe bird with cryptic plumage, is a unique case: the population inhabiting the Do\u00f1ana Natural Area constitutes practically the entire breeding population of Andalusia.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>marsh<em>Eurasian<\/em> Skylark (<em>Alaudala rufescens<\/em>)<\/strong>, a passerine endemic to the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa, is a strict specialist of saline wetlands and salt marshes.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cinco-zonas\">Guide to Do\u00f1ana: the five zones and their ornithological interest<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle is-style-text-subtitle--44 wp-block-paragraph\">Do\u00f1ana reveals itself as a unique mosaic of landscapes, each with its own cast of birds. These five areas will open the doors to its natural theater. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/La-Rocina-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45815 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/La-Rocina-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45815\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/La-Rocina-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/La-Rocina-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/La-Rocina.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A detailed description of the <a href=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/en\/blog\/huelva-seville-cadiz-donana-national-park\/\">Do\u00f1ana park<\/a> and its five main areas is available.<\/p>\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: true, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion has-custom-gris-f-6-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-46&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-46-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-46\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">DO\u00d1ANA SUR<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-46\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-46-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-40 is-style-text-subtitle--45 wp-block-paragraph\">The southern flank of Do\u00f1ana, in the province of Cadiz, offers a unique ornithological experience focused on the <strong>estuarine ecosystem and tidal marshes<\/strong>, habitats absent in the north. This coastal front is a corridor for thousands of migrating <strong>seabirds and waders<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Bonanza Salt Flats<\/strong>, active and of great ecological value, are a magnet for specialized avifauna. Its crystallizers of different salinity attract <strong>flocks of Greater Flamingoes (<em>Phoenicopterus roseus<\/em>)<\/strong> and waders such as the <strong>Avocet (<em>Recurvirostra avosetta<\/em>)<\/strong> and the <strong>Kentish Plover (<em>Charadrius alexandrinus<\/em>).<\/strong> It is also a key site for the scarce <strong>Slender-billed Gull (<em>Chroicocephalus genei<\/em>)<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In contrast, the <strong>Tarelo Lagoon<\/strong>, a restored freshwater lagoon, is a refuge for the <strong>White headed Duck (<em>Oxyura leucocephala<\/em>)<\/strong> and other aquatic birds such as the <strong>Common Coot (<em>Fulica atra<\/em>)<\/strong>. The <strong>Pinar de La Algaida<\/strong>, with its unique mixed forest of stone pine and juniper, is home to forest birds such as the <strong>common Ghoshawk (<em>Accipiter gentilis<\/em>)<\/strong> and the <strong>Great<\/strong> Sp. <strong>Woodpecker (<em>Dendrocopos major<\/em>)<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>Trebujena Marshes<\/strong> complete the mosaic with a complex of brackish lagoons, salt marshes and the active river bank. This diversity attracts a wide variety of birds, from <strong>herons<\/strong> and <strong>Spoonbills<\/strong> to <strong>mallards<\/strong>, while offering the <strong>most direct and evocative view of the wild heart of the National Park<\/strong> on the opposite shore. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-48&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-48-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-48\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">DO\u00d1ANA EAST<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-48\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-48-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-41 is-style-text-subtitle--47 wp-block-paragraph\">To the east of Do\u00f1ana, outside its formal boundaries but essential to its ecology, lies the <strong>Brazo del Este<\/strong> &#8211; a unique ornithological sanctuary born of the human transformation of the landscape. This vast agricultural polder has become the <strong>most important alternative refuge for aquatic birdlife<\/strong> when the marshes of the national park dry up. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here, the <strong>scale of avian concentrations is dazzling<\/strong>. At dusk, the sky darkens with <strong>immense flocks of Glossy Ibis (<em>Plegadis falcinellus<\/em>) and White Storks (<em>Glossy Ibis cic<\/em><\/strong> onia <strong>)<\/strong> heading for their roosts. The marshes and permanent channels are home to <strong>large populations of Purple Swamp-hens (<em>Porphyrio porphyrio<\/em>)<\/strong>, whose metallic call echoes through the reeds, and massive concentrations of <strong>geese, ducks and waders<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Riverine aviaries<\/strong>: The well-preserved groves along the Guadalquivir are home to <strong>breeding colonies of Purple Heron (<em>Ardea purpurea<\/em>) and Squacco Heron (<em>Ardeola ralloides<\/em>)<\/strong>. In winter, the area is a main hunting ground for the <strong>Osprey (<em>Pandion haliaetus<\/em>)<\/strong>, which fishes in the canals always with water. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Critical Refuge<\/strong>: Even the <strong>central channel of the main ditch<\/strong>, by retaining water year-round, attracts <strong>flocks of waders, Little Egret and waterfowl<\/strong> that do not find space in the dry heart of the national park, acting as a <strong>vital artery of biodiversity<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>Dehesa La Atalaya<\/strong>, with its temporary ponds, completes this unique ecosystem.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-50&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-50-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-50\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">DO\u00d1ANA NORTE<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-50\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-50-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-42 is-style-text-subtitle--49 wp-block-paragraph\">Overall, Do\u00f1ana Norte shows a <strong>landscape management that benefits birdlife<\/strong>, from monumental colonies to man-made wetlands, being a complementary and essential area for birdwatching in the Do\u00f1ana complex.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dehesa de Abajo<\/strong> is a very visited enclave where a wooded hill dominates the marshy plain. Its main attraction is the <strong>largest natural colony of white storks (<em>Ciconia ciconia<\/em>) on trees in Europe<\/strong>, a spectacle of hundreds of nests. The lagoon at the foot of the hill attracts waterfowl such as <strong>flamingos (<em>Phoenicopterus roseus<\/em>)<\/strong> and a variety of ducks, including the <strong>Iberian arched-mouth n<\/strong> ase (Marmaronetta <strong><em>angustitris<\/em><\/strong> ).<em><strong>Marmaronetta angustirostris<\/strong><\/em>) and the <strong>Red-knobbed Coot<\/strong><em>(Fulica cristata<\/em>).  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Centro de Interpretaci\u00f3n Jos\u00e9 Antonio Valverde<\/strong> is the ornithological heart of the north. After a secluded access, you reach a permanent lagoon with one of the <strong>most important breeding colonies in Do\u00f1ana<\/strong>, where <strong>Purple Herons (<em>Ardea purpurea<\/em>), Squacco Herons (<em>Ardeola ralloides<\/em>) and Glossy Ibis (<em>Plegadis falcinellus<\/em>)<\/strong> nest. The elevated trail over the Ca\u00f1o del Guadiamar offers endless views to observe waterfowl and birds of prey.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Isla Mayor and Finca Veta La Palma<\/strong> form an extensive sea of rice fields that, after harvest, becomes a <strong>crucial refuge for thousands of wintering and passage waterfowl<\/strong>, such as <strong><em>Greylag Goose<\/em>(<em>Anser anser<\/em>)<\/strong> and waders. This artificial wetland is of vital ecological importance. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>Pinares de Aznalc\u00e1zar<\/strong> offer a forest contrast, being a key habitat for the <strong>Iberian lynx (<\/strong> <strong>Azure-winged<\/strong> Magpie <strong>(<em>Lynx pardinus<\/em>)<\/strong> and for Mediterranean scrubland birds such as the <strong>Dartford Warbler (<em>Sylvia undata<\/em>)<\/strong> and forest birds of prey. The sandy clearings and roadside slopes are the ideal habitat for the colorful <strong>European Bee-eater (<em>Merops apiaster<\/em>)<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-52&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-52-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-52\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">DO\u00d1ANA CENTRO<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-52\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-52-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-43 is-style-text-subtitle--51 wp-block-paragraph\">In essence, this area <strong>concentrates the contrast between the common migratory avifauna and the most emblematic Mediterranean species<\/strong>, being an ornithological destination of the first order due to its scale and diversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>El Roc\u00edo and the Marismas de La Madre<\/strong> are the great theater of European aquatic avifauna. For the northern European observer, this wetland offers a reverse seasonal spectacle: in winter, massive flocks of <strong>Greylag<em>Goose (Anser anser<\/em>)<\/strong>, all species of ducks such as <strong>Lapwings (<em>Anas crecca<\/em>)<\/strong> and <strong>Cranes (<em>Grus grus<\/em>)<\/strong> cover the marsh, along with waders such as the <strong>Lapwing (<em>Vanellus vanellus<\/em>)<\/strong>. In summer, the scene is dominated by <strong>Purple Herons (<em>Ardea purpurea<\/em>)<\/strong> and <strong>Spoonbills (<em>Platalea leucorodia<\/em>)<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The streams of La Rocina and El Acebr\u00f3n<\/strong> are home to more discrete but sought-after species, such as the <strong>Little Bittern (<em>Ixobrychus minutus<\/em>)<\/strong> in the reed beds and the colorful <strong>Kingfisher (<em>Alcedo atthis<\/em>)<\/strong>. <strong>White Storks (<em>Ciconia ciconia<\/em>)<\/strong> and <strong>Glossy Ibis (<em>Plegadis falcinellus<\/em>)<\/strong> can be seen feeding avidly on red crabs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>El Acebuche Center<\/strong> is a spot to observe Mediterranean scrubland birds, such as the <strong>Sardinian Warbler (<em>Sylvia melanocephala<\/em>).<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-54&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-54-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-54\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">DO\u00d1ANA WEST<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-54\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-54-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-44 is-style-text-subtitle--53 wp-block-paragraph\">The western fringe of Do\u00f1ana, marked by the <strong>long virgin beach between Matalasca\u00f1as and Mazag\u00f3n<\/strong> and the imposing <strong>fossil cliff of Asperillo<\/strong>, presents an avian community specialized in <strong>coastal ecosystems, dunes and pine forests<\/strong>. It is the least visited area, but crucial for species adapted to the aridity and the Atlantic coast. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>wild coastline of Playa de Castilla<\/strong> is an essential corridor for <strong>coastal seabirds and waders<\/strong>. It is a feeding and resting area for <strong>gulls<\/strong> (such as the <strong>Yellow-legged Gull <em>Larus michahellis<\/em><\/strong>), <strong>Common Tern <em>Sterna hirundo<\/em><\/strong> and, especially in migratory passage, for <strong>flocks of Eurasian Oystercatchers <em>Haematopus ostralegus<\/em><\/strong> and <strong>Ruddy Turnstones <em>Arenaria interpres<\/em><\/strong>. The mobile dunes are home to species such as the Thekla <strong>Lark <em>Galerida theklae<\/em><\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inland, the <strong>extensive pine forest of El Abalario<\/strong>, with centenary specimens such as the Mazag\u00f3n pine, supports a typical Mediterranean forest community. Common here are the <strong> <em>Great Sp.<\/em> Woodpecker <em>Dendrocopos major<\/em><\/strong>, the <strong> <em>Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus<\/em><\/strong> and raptors such as the <strong>Sparrowhawk <em>Accipiter nisus<\/em><\/strong>. <strong>Temporary ponds and lagoons<\/strong> (such as Laguna de Moguer) are vital ephemeral oases for <strong>ducks<\/strong>, <strong>terns <em>Chlidonias niger<\/em><\/strong> and <strong>Marsh Harriers <em>Circus aeruginosus<\/em><\/strong> during breeding, although their water regime is severely threatened by overexploitation of the aquifer.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ribetehilos peat bogs<\/strong> constitute a unique microhabitat, which can attract insectivorous species and House <strong>Martin <em>Riparia riparia<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-56&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-56-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-56\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">MARISMAS DEL ODIEL<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-56\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-56-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"is-style-text-subtitle has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-45 is-style-text-subtitle--55 wp-block-paragraph\">They form an <strong>estuarine complex of the first order at European level<\/strong>, considered the &#8220;brother&#8221; wetland and ecological complementary to Do\u00f1ana. Its uniqueness lies in the <strong>confluence of the fresh waters of the rivers Tinto and Odiel with the Atlantic tides<\/strong>, creating a mosaic of salt marshes, tidal marshes, streams and riparian forests that support one of the <strong>richest and most emblematic communities of waterfowl and seabirds in the Peninsula<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Breeding colony in the Odiel<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is one of the <strong>main European strongholds for the reproduction of the emblematic Spoonbill (<em>Platalea leucorodia<\/em>).<\/strong> Its islands and islets also host <strong>important colonies of Common Tern (<em>Sterna hirundo<\/em>), Little Tern (<em>Sternula albifrons<\/em>) and Gull-billed tern (<em>Hydroprogne caspia<\/em>).<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Wintering and Migratory Passage<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During wintering and migrations, it hosts <strong>exceptional concentrations of waders<\/strong> such as the <strong>Curlew Sandpiper (<em>Calidris ferruginea<\/em>)<\/strong> and the <strong>Bar-tailed God<\/strong>wit <strong>(<em>Limosa lapponica<\/em>)<\/strong>, as well as thousands of <strong>ducks, such as the Common Teal (<em>Anas crecca<\/em>).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Raptors and Specialists<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is a fundamental hunting territory for the Osprey <strong>(<em>Pandion haliaetus<\/em>)<\/strong> and a place to observe the <strong>Marsh Harrier (<em>Circus aeruginosus<\/em>)<\/strong>. Among the seabirds, the <strong>Mediterranean Gull (<em>Ichthyaetus melanocephalus<\/em>)<\/strong> and the <strong>Little White Egret (<em>Ardea alba<\/em>)<\/strong> stand out. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Avoceta-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45824 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Avoceta-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45824\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Avoceta-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Avoceta-380x253.jpg 380w, https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Avoceta.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion has-custom-gris-f-6-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-57&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-accent-4-background-color has-background\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-57-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-57\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">TABLA: <strong>Aves acu\u00e1ticas de Do\u00f1ana: especies, censos y tendencias<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-57\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-57-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-46\"><strong>Waterbirds in Do\u00f1ana and Western Andalusia<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes has-small-font-size\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">SPECIES<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">STATUS<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>REPROD<\/strong>. <br\/>N max. (2008-2024)<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><br\/>Average 2020-2024<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><br\/>Trend 2007-2024<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>INVERN<\/strong>.<br\/> N max (2008-2024)<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><br\/>Average (2020-2024)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"><strong>ICONIC WATERBIRDS<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">White Stork<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">665<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">13.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3.214<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Black Stork<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">In Step *<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">400<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">176<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Common Spoonbill<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">650<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4.500<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3.195<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Glossy Ibis<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">12.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2.839<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2191<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">25.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">10.717<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Greater Flamingo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">35.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">9.668<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">75.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">51.855<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Lesser Flamingo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&lt; 10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">?<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&lt; 10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Common Crane<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Wintering (\u00aa)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&lt; 10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">?<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">7.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4.586<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"><strong>GARZAS<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Cattle Egret<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">10.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4.360<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">10.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">639<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Grey Heron<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.500<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">598<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2.424<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Little Egret<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">773<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">8.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2.355<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Common Night Heron<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Estival * Estival * Estival * Estival * Estival * Estival * Estival<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">650<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.500<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">721<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Squacco Heron<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Estival * Estival * Estival * Estival * Estival * Estival * Estival<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">300<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">87 (\u2640\u2642)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">50<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Purple Heron<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Summer<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">232<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&lt; 10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Bitterns<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Summer<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">25<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">5 (\u2642)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2248<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&lt; 10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Little Bittern<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Summer<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">200<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">29<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Great White Egret<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">100<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">600<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">407<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"><strong>SQUIRRELS<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Common Coot<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">600<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">596<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">40.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">12.576<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Red-knobbed Coot<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">80<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">13 (\u2640\u2642)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">100<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">58<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Moorhen<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">250<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">253<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">521<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Purple Swamp-hen<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">500<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">103<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">8.500<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.659<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">European Water Rail<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">At Paso \u00aa<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&lt; 10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">?<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&lt; 10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">11<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Spotted Crake<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">In Paso (\u00aa)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&lt; 10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">?<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Little Crake bastard<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">In Paso (\u00aa)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&lt; 10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Baillon&#8217;s Crake girl<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">In Paso (\u00aa)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&lt; 10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">?<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"><strong>GREBES AND CORMORANTS<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Little Grebe<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">700<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">206<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.600<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.411<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Black-necked Grebe<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.500<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">104<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">8.500<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">6.579<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Great crested Grebe<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">800<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">153<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.263<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Great Cormorant<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">100<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">61<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2191\u2191<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">10.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">8.601<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"><strong>ANAT\u00cdDAS<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Mallard<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.300<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">481<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">34.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">19.967<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Shelduck<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">200<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">110<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2191\u2191<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">15.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">8.548<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Common spoon<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">20<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">7<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">200.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">126.576<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">European Porron<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">100<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">95<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">15.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">8.333<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Tufted Duck<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">150<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">28<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Red-crested Pochard<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">100<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">81<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">22.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">5.958<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">White-headed Duck<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">120<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">41 (\u2640)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">800<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">694<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Marble Teal<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">150<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">65 (\u2640\u2642)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2191<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">350<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">210<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ferruginous Duck<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">25<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">18 (\u2640\u2642)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2191\u2191<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">150<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">92<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Greylag Goose<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering \u00aa<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">50<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">25<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2191\u2191<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">80.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">21.211<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Common Teal<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&lt; 10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">?<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">42.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">26.691<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Gadwall frieze<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering \u00aa<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">250<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">79<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">7.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.579<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Pintail<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&lt; 10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">?<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">80.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">31.635<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">European whistle<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">45.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">15.723<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Garganey<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">In Paso (\u00aa)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&lt; 10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">?<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">150<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Nile Goose<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&lt; 10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">5<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">?<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">40<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">19<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"><strong>LIMICOLAS<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Avocet<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">5.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.150<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">28.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">8.510<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Black-winged Stilt<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">7.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.463<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">15.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">9.682<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Black-tailed Godwit Needle<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">57.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">20.228<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Bar-tailed Godwit<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2.948<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Eurasian Curlew<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.500<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.213<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Whimbrel<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">804<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Common Redshank<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">600<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">11<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">6.800<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">5.414<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Spotted Redshank dark<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">600<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">252<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Common Sandpiper<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">15<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">7<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">?<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">250<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">205<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ruff<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2.800<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">775<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Large Green Sandpiper<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">668<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Wood Sandpiper<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">70<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">11<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Common Greenshank<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">635<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Marsh Sandpiper<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">In Step *<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">20<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">European Lapwing<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering \u00aa<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">150<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">8<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">21.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">9.092<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">European Golden Plover<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">17.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2.128<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Grey Plover<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">s\/d<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">s\/d<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">s\/d<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">5.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4.033<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Great Ringed Plover<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">14.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">10.453<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Little Ringed Plover<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">200<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">102<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.300<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">128<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Kentish Plover<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">505<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">7.300<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3.276<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Common Snipe<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.165<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Jack Snipe<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&lt; 10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Common Collared Pratincole<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Summer<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">413<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&lt; 10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Dunlin<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">86.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">53.405<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Tridactyl Sanderling<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">s\/d<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">s\/d<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">s\/d<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.886<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Curlew Sandpiper<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Migradora de Paso* (Migradora de Paso *)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.500<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.058<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Red Knot<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.500<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">685<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Little Stints often<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">9.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2.177<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Corr. de Temminck <\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">In Step *<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">40<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"><strong>LATIDS<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Whiskered Tern<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Summer<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">7.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">385<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">185<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Black Tern<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Summer<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">20<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0 (\u2640\u2642)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Common Tern<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">200<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">83<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">150<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Sandwich Tern<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">100<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">?<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.800<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">653<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Little Tern<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Summer<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.240<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&lt; 10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Gull-billed Tern<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Summer<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.063<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&lt; 10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Caspian Tern<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">180<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">149<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Black-headed Gull<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.351<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">30.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">28.066<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Slender-billed Gull<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">679<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2248<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">591<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Audouin&#8217;s Gull<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">In Step *<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.076<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Mediterranean Gull<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering \u00aa<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">30<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">11<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2191<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.200<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">665<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Black-backed Gull<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering \u00aa<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&lt; 10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">9<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">105.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">62.071<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Yellow-legged Gull<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3.377<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">18.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">11.032<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"><strong>RAPACES BIRDS<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Marsh Harrier Western Marsh Harrier<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">100<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">42<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2193<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2.000<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">692<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Osprey (\u2640\u2642).<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Resident ***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">20<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">17<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u2191\u2191<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">140<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">124<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Short-eared Owl<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Overwintering<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8211;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">60<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">19<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-47\"><strong>Sources<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li>Wintering bird data: C\u00e1diz-Sevilla-Huelva (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Breeding bird data: Andalusia (Source: Junta de Andaluc\u00eda).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ornithological yearbook of Do\u00f1ana.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-accent-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-48\"><strong>Status of birds<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li><strong>Residents:<\/strong> Species present all year round, breeding and wintering in Do\u00f1ana. <strong>Resident <\/strong>birds <strong>*** <\/strong>with winter reinforcement increase their numbers by several orders of magnitude in winter. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Summer birds:<\/strong> Birds that arrive in spring-summer to breed, spending the winter in Africa. <strong>Summer birds *<\/strong> have small wintering populations that often go unnoticed. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Wintering:<\/strong> Species that arrive in autumn from northern Europe to spend the winter, leaving in spring. <strong><strong>Wintering<\/strong><\/strong> birds <strong>*<\/strong> also breed locally with very low and anecdotal numbers. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Passage migrants:<\/strong> They use Do\u00f1ana exclusively as a resting and feeding area during their migratory journeys (pre-breeding in spring, post-breeding in autumn). <strong>Migratory * migrants<\/strong> may breed locally with minimal numbers. <strong>Migratory inv<\/strong> maintain only very small groups throughout the winter.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Erratic or Wandering:<\/strong> Birds that appear occasionally, outside their usual range, often due to storms or disorientation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-default has-accent-4-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-acd5ac22 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading is-style-default has-noto-sans-font-family\" id=\"FAQ-Avifauna-Do&#xF1;ana\">FAQ<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"lightweight-accordion wp-block-lightweight-accordion-lightweight-accordion\"><details name=\"FAQ\"><summary class=\"lightweight-accordion-title\"><h3>What logistics are required?<\/h3><\/summary><div class=\"lightweight-accordion-body\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Steppe birds are the group of birds that require the most logic and time spent in the field in Andalusia, with a moderate probability of success. In addition to being cryptic and often inconspicuous species. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>Binoculars (8&#215;42 or 10&#215;42):<\/strong> Essential.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><strong>Field guides<\/strong> in paper or smartphone format.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><strong>High range telescope<\/strong> (70x magnification) to identify birds at a distance.  <\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><strong>4&#215;4 vehicle<\/strong> to access the roads that are not very passable in the areas <\/em>farthest from the Roc\u00edo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lightweight-accordion wp-block-lightweight-accordion-lightweight-accordion\"><details name=\"FAQ\"><summary class=\"lightweight-accordion-title\"><h3>What is the best time of the year to visit Do\u00f1ana?<\/h3><\/summary><div class=\"lightweight-accordion-body\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>Winter (December &#8211; February):<\/strong> Time of <strong>maximum concentration<\/strong> of birds. Thousands of geese, Crane, waders and anatidae winter here. The Greater Flamingo flocks are spectacular.  <\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><strong>Spring (March &#8211; May):<\/strong> Time of <strong>maximum diversity and activity<\/strong>. Summer migrants arrive (bee-eaters, Collared Pratincole), birds are in full courtship and breeding, and the marsh (if there is water) bustles with life. Ideal to see birds of prey and marsh birds.  <\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><strong>Summer (June &#8211; August):<\/strong> Quieter and warmer period. Perfect for watching seabirds and waders on the beach, as well as resident raptors and steppe birds in the dry reserves. <\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><strong>Autumn (September &#8211; November):<\/strong> Fascinating to see the <strong>postnuptial migration<\/strong>. Thousands of birds (storks, raptors, passerines) concentrate before crossing the Strait. <\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lightweight-accordion wp-block-lightweight-accordion-lightweight-accordion\"><details name=\"FAQ\"><summary class=\"lightweight-accordion-title\"><h3>How many days are necessary for an ornithological visit to Do\u00f1ana?<\/h3><\/summary><div class=\"lightweight-accordion-body\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>All excursion configurations are good to discover Do\u00f1ana, its birds and complex biodiversity. Depending on your base camp, duration and centers of interest, a guide will be able to advise you to organize the best visits. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Do\u00f1ana offers <strong>five main areas to discover<\/strong>, with a minimum of one day in each area. Two recommended complements: the half-day Authorized Guided Tour inside the national park. The visit to the Odiel marshes for being very different and a complementary avifauna to Do\u00f1ana.    <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lightweight-accordion wp-block-lightweight-accordion-lightweight-accordion\"><details name=\"FAQ\"><summary class=\"lightweight-accordion-title\"><h3>What are the departure times?<\/h3><\/summary><div class=\"lightweight-accordion-body\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>Sunrise<\/strong>: Departure 1-1.5h before sunrise to reach the territories at first light. Time of maximum activity of singing and movement. <\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><strong>Sunset<\/strong>: Departure 3-4h before sunset to take advantage of the last light. Ideal to observe grouping behavior and flight to roosts. <\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lightweight-accordion wp-block-lightweight-accordion-lightweight-accordion\"><details name=\"FAQ\"><summary class=\"lightweight-accordion-title\"><h3>Is it possible to visit Do\u00f1ana on my own or is a guided tour mandatory?<\/h3><\/summary><div class=\"lightweight-accordion-body\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Free:<\/strong> There are excellent free trails and visitor centers: El Roc\u00edo, <strong>Sendero de La Rocina<\/strong> (herons, Spoonbills), El Acebuche, C.V. Jos\u00e9 Antonio Valverde (remote access).  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Authorized Guided Tour:<\/strong> To access the heart of the National Park (the moving dunes, the deep marshes, the edge of the aviary) it is mandatory to hire an authorized 4&#215;4 tour.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"lightweight-accordion wp-block-lightweight-accordion-lightweight-accordion\"><details name=\"FAQ\"><summary class=\"lightweight-accordion-title\"><h3>Is it worth the restricted visit by 4&#215;4 bus?<\/h3><\/summary><div class=\"lightweight-accordion-body\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is especially interesting to know the landscape of the interior of the park and places with famous names of Do\u00f1ana. It is worthwhile, in addition to other outings focused on the active search for wildlife. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>It can be disappointing<\/strong> if the main objective is wildlife viewing and photography. The bus ride simply does not allow time to stop and take the necessary time for observation. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bird paradise Can you imagine a place where more than 300 species of birds coexist in a single year, where the sky is painted pink with thousands of Greater Flamingoes and the marshes buzz with the flapping of imperial eagles, cranes and Crane? Do\u00f1ana represents for the ornithologist one of the most important living sanctuaries [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":45736,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[597,613],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-birds","category-encyclopedia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46053","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46053"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46053\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45736"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46053"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46053"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/g3-guides.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46053"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}